It has been popular in Japan such a note, China has not defeated Japan. Indeed, the face of integration into the Soviet attack on Berlin without the slightest mercy, they all can be pulled using heavy weapons in Berlin, but do not take into account civilian casualties. adhere to all of them destroyed. zhuang zai!!! This is the real power of the spirit! and we do, as the victors who had no had a single soldier to set foot on Japanese territory, with whom fought for the KMT Senior generals, but as victims of civil war with the former enemy at the same prison. As far as I know, all over the country to commemorate the Civil War Memorial Museum to the number of anti-Japanese than many much larger scale.
the Government of Japan generous, just a short-sighted to consider only short-term international form, and secondly because no more than 78 years since Japan to China's two trillion yen of the loans (without it going?). Who ever thought that war with these humble Compared to the loan, the Treaty of Shimonoseki pay out the value of two hundred million taels of silver dash? just 8 years of war in China, more than 600 billion dollars in property damage worth dash? never be the rebirth of cultural relics, natural resource value dash? and thousands of years many died in the war against Japan in the Chinese military and innocent people, a population of 1.2 billion oriental country's national dignity and value of the dash?!
always been a fantasy of the Japanese newspaper, the majority of Japanese people are friendly to China, Data movie? seen a young woman who was wearing a kimono, frantically shouting at anti-China slogans information on movie? see it, you know, a research vessel near the island to explore a little fishing. followed by a Japanese Foreign Ministry's warning: not allowed to enter without the Japanese government to allow Japan's territorial waters. Japanese youth have asked for a war with China. Japanese hostility to China, the whole nation, is from the bones. Today our son, all the acts of every Chinese person is within sight, without Rongyan. Canis Minor, not only on behalf of its own, it is one hundred million Japanese, one-vote poll out!
Japanese cunning, patience, unity, but they are more abnormal, abnormal, extreme, weird (these derogatory term is not invented, if you have those by the Japanese a taste of the morbid love of art, you will feel the depths of the Japanese of the most ugly and evil), so a bunch of people thinking of senior animals, is far more simple-minded, bloodthirsty wolf is scary to know more.
Chinese people, not narrow race, in her arms, 56 ethnic groups can be intimate, live in harmony; the Chinese people, but not narrow nationalists, we have this endless world of different languages, different skin color friends. But the only The exception is the four Pacific islands, where the life of the planet's most brutal and horrible animals, scourge of the Chinese nation forever. feud in the day, mortal! every Chinese should never forget that Japan has on what we have done! should be for a population in the earth, to punish everyone for one of the country, an extremely abnormal for people, we never again have the slightest of their illusions. during a war verses, called , there is no friendship, all, some only continuous years of hatred! the souls of our ancestors, every day staring us in the air and remains uninterested heirs of doing nothing, they anxiety, hh them down but we will have patience will end , is making determined efforts to prepare it, made strong by the Han, although much will punish! muddy doggy, could never hope to stir up trouble again! , engraved with Chinese-made raw again, from mushroom clouds, in Tokyo, Kyoto, in the large version, in the amount of each breed with Susan Chan lair. Chinese millennium nightmare, never sank Pacific Ocean, Leijie no longer able to bounce back! may soon Maybe we have to wait a long time, but will use the blood to blood!
through-if bent, large or destruction and large defense if the Lane.
Jing Sheng impatient, cold heat wins. quiet for the world is. how to do it ? how to do it? worry Yeah, I know, I know, but there are a lot of people do not know!!!
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
(Wolf Totem)
I'm here for you friends to recommend a book called (Wolf Totem)
Chapter (1)
mm Fan Wenlan, Chen Zhen nest in the snow with a telescope lens, caught in a big wolf, he saw the Mongolian grassland wolf eyes like steel cone. Chen array body like a porcupine mm barbed hairs stood on the general, almost stay away from the skin shirts. Selig old man at his side, Chen array feel this has no SOUL, however, who erected the perspiration or sweat pores along seeped out. Although Chen array to to the prairie has been two years, he still afraid of the Ju Lang on the Mongolian steppe and wolves. Camp in the mountains away from the face of so much of a pack of wolves, frost breath of his mouth all shake. Chen Zhen and Selig elderly, at the moment do not have guns, no long knife, no horses shot, and even a pair of stirrup iron so the guy did not. They only have two horses stick, if wolves sniff out their popularity, They may have to advance that burial of the.
Chen Zhen and spit out a half trembling tone side head only to see the elderly. Selig is with the other telescope observing wolves encirclement. elderly low voice said: This is courage to gnaw into you? as with the sheep. You fear the wolf from the bones is Han Chinese, or Han Chinese to the grasslands on the net how a defeat. elderly people see Chen Zhen Bu Zhisheng, he cried quietly side head: This do not be scared moment was kept movement to come up with points that are no joke. Chen Zhen nod, with the clutch a handful of snow, snow in his palm was molded into a lump of ice .
hillside opposite side, large group of Mongolian gazelle was still alert to grab the grass to eat, but do not seem to find the wolves in the conspiracy. wolves surrounded the end of the line has become increasingly close to the nest the two of snow, Chen Array not daring to move, he felt almost frozen into an ice hh
This is the second time in the grasslands, Chen Zhen face big pack of wolves. at the moment, the first encounter with the wolves all over the fright and flutter his whole body. He believed that any kind of encounter experienced Han Chinese, and his gall bladder and can not in good condition.
two years ago, Chen Zhen arrived in the border ranch from Beijing jump the queue when it is late November, the amount of Oakland has long been a snow-covered prairie. yurt educated youth has not been sent down, Zhen Chen stayed in the old Selig, the distribution as a shepherd. more than a month after the day he went with the elderly more than 80 miles away Marketing Department to receive study documents, by the way the procurement of some commodities. temporary home for the elderly members of the Revolutionary Committee as a pasture, was suddenly left the meeting, but the farm ministry instructed the documents must be immediately sent to the brigade without delay. Chen Zhen had one Riding back to the team. Before leaving, the elderly will be identified quickly and their family horse Daqing Ma, change to the Chen Zhen, and repeatedly told him do not a shortcut, be sure to take along a large lane, all the way across the two ten miles have yurts, nothing would happen.
Daqing Chen Zhen a ride horses, and his crotch immediately felt a strong fine Mongolian horse, there is a horse emergency line impulses. had just boarded the a ridge overlooking the recall of dry litter brigade pulled the resident mountain, he told the elderly that'll throw in the back, cool, gave up twenty years of bypass lane to take the big piece of line, and instead copied almost straight Road plug to the brigade.
was getting cold, about halfway, the sun was frozen howling trembling, shrinking to go below the horizon. liters of snow on the cold surface air, Pipao skin panels have also been frozen hard. Chen array shaking arms, elbows and waist Pipao, we will send Cha Cha friction sound. Daqing Ma body is covered with a white sweat cream, thick snow horse riding, horse gradually slow. hilly, one after another, surrounded by the smoke plume boundless wilderness land. Daqing still trotting horse, does not show fatigue. It is not Britain do not shake up and running, try to make people comfortable ride. Chen Zhen will release the horse bit and let it master the physical strength, speed and direction. Chen Zhen suddenly tremble, and my heart some inexplicable tension mm Daqing Ma lost his fear, fear of the weather changes, fear of storms, fear of freezing to death in the snow wilderness, but is to forget the fear of wolves.
approaching a valley mouth, the way active tamper Daqing Ma, around the listener's ears suddenly stopped, and Taniguchi straight toward the rear of the jet began to rise , the pace of disorder. Chen array This is the first time in the snow on the road riding alone far away, did not realize the danger in front. Daqing Ma hastily dilating his nostrils, eyes wide open, given a free hand to change direction, to pass to go. Ma, Chen Zhen was puzzled but intended, he tightened chewing mouth, call forward is to continue to trot horse. Bu more chaos into the top half to go half-half run, and foot pedals under the strong but, at any time can be bolted. Chen Zhen must cherish that horsepower in the winter, tightly reined in bits, not to horses ran together.
Daqing Ma, see a series of reminder warning does not work, then snap back to the Valenki Chen Zhen. Daqing Ma, Chen Zhen suddenly saw the eye of terror looming danger. but it was too late, Daqing Ma shaking flared into the dark opening in the valley.
suddenly turned to when Chen Zhen looked the valley, he planted almost frightened horse. less than 40 meters away from his slopes, in the sunset sky, the actually had a large group of gold Mao Cancan, murderous Mongolian wolf. all of the positive or side head stared at him, an awl-like flying whiz eyes almost shot him into a hedgehog. the nearest first Julang just a few, as big as a leopard, a full zoo in Beijing than he to see a wolf rough times, the high half times the length of half a body. At this point, and dozens of sitting in the snow to look at the big wolf call all stand up, Alice Elliot all levels, to be like a scabbard of the knife, a pair of The bow string, condescending, ready to slaughter the posture. wolves in a wolf are surrounded by large white Garnett, and his neck, chest and abdominal tracts of gray hair, sent platinum-like bright, dazzling, shed an ominous shot of Viagra proud of the tigers. all the other fish no less than thirty or forty head. Later, Chen Zhen talk in detail with Selig at the battle wolves, the elderly with the index finger scrape a bit cold sweat on his forehead, said, Wolves Bacheng a meeting, just over the hill a group of horses, Garnett is furnished to the men plan to attack the horses do. Fortunately, this is not a group of hungry wolves, shiny coat is not hungry wolf wolf.
Chen Zhen in In fact, that moment has lost any consciousness. he remembered the last ray of feeling is a slight head bursts, but most horrible sound, like a mouth blown Zuse fine silver flutter that issued the clank sound. This must be his Tianling Gai Soul hit in the attack on the sound. Chen Zhen feel that their lives had been interrupted several seconds, the moment he has become a SOUL of the body, an empty body body. long after Zhen Chen Recall that the encounter with the wolves, the heart grateful Selig and his father Daqing Ma. Chen Zhen is not planted horse, because he is not an ordinary horse riding, it is an array of grow up in the wolf , veteran of the famous hunting horse.
the last minute, critical juncture, Daqing Ma sudden abnormal calm. It pretended not to see the wolves, or an intention to stir red wolves are gathering the way, is still riding the pace of passing their way slowly forward. It bulging guts, control the hoof, not struggling to swing, not Duolu bolted, but strongly firmly on the saddle pack is the temporary owner of their heads like a stack frame towering glass master disk acrobatics, Chen array to adjust the horse under the body sensitive and carefully control the vertical central axis of the spine, Chen Zhen, the center of gravity tilt would not let him off balance and fell into a wolf array.
is possible that Daqing Ma enormous courage and wisdom, the soul will be chasing Chen array OBE back. it may be led by Chen Zhen suddenly Tengger (days) of the spirit of the caress, for his soul to heaven prematurely lost , rub it into the confidence and guidance. when Chen Zhen air travel in the winter fly tens of seconds of the soul, again settled into his shell, he feels that he has luck resurrection, and was surprisingly calm.
Chapter (2 )
struggling with the body frame, Chen Zhen, sitting the saddle, can not help but learn to Daqing Ma, mobilize and focus the remaining courage, and pretended not to see the wolves, only the corner of my eye to feel the tension in the side near next to the wolves. He knew the speed of the Mongolian prairie wolf, which tens of meters away from the target, it takes only a few seconds the Mongolian wolf can be accomplished overnight. men and side of the wolves getting closer, Chen Zhen aware of his The slightest hint of cowardice must not, must, like singing in the empty city as Zhuge Liang, put on a chest Xiongbing millions of its own, following the cavalry behind thousands of posture. the only way to quell vicious killer mm suspicious Mongolian steppe grassland wolf.
He felt that Garnett was craned his neck to look to the hillside behind him, pointed bowl long regarded wolves ears, like radar, Garnett looked toward the same direction. all are awaiting Garnett ordered the killer. But , this no guns no single pole single horse, dared to pass such a bold swagger to the wolves, have made a big wolf Garnett and all suspicious.
sunset fade away. men away from the wolves closer. This Chen Zhen Ji Shibu life can be said that the most dangerous, one of the most long way. Daqing Ma and took a few steps, felt a sudden, Chen Zhen, a wolf ran to the slopes behind him, he realized that it must Garnett is sending spies, to see whether he was behind the ambush. Chen Zhen Wu in the body that just have to heat the soul of the OBE.
the pace of Daqing Ma did not seem so calm out. Chen array of double legs and horse trembling and terrible resonance occurs rapidly, and then transmitted to enlarge the common fear of men. Daqing back behind the horse's ears, tense piece of spies concerned about the wolf. Once the wolf proved the truth, men may just walked away from the nearest wolf. Chen Zhen feel like walking through a giant wolf population, above the sharp Spike, the following is also a sharp Spike, Spike chances are he is walked up and down between the wolf population would Kacha soon close a. Daqing Ma Squat cohesion began to gently, for one last desperate stroke. However, the Mayi Qi move must lose weight.
steppe nomads, Chen Zhen, as suddenly as the critical juncture in the call from the heart Tengger: longevity days, the Tengger, you stretched out arm, and help me now! He gently calling Selig Abba. Bi Lige Meng language means wisdom, the old father he wanted to wisdom of the Mongolian grasslands, quickly reach his brain. quietly Lun amount of grassland, there is no echo. He raised his head in despair, like the last look at the beautiful ice blue Tengger.
Suddenly, the old father's words from heaven, as in H-like Jilei into his eardrum: wolf fear guns, horses and iron rods. guns and horses shot, he did not. iron he not? his feet for a hot, ! his feet Dengzhe is a huge steel stirrups. rapturously his feet trembled.
Selig Daqing father to his horse for him, but the saddle did not change. No wonder the old man had his pick a pair of steel pedal so much, it seems that the elderly have long expected the day of its need it. But the old man had said to him, beginner horseback riding, the stirrup is not to step on the instability. what if Ma Liao down, also easy to Drag the stirrup, was horse kicked Tisi. pair of wide open stirrups, riding at the end is round, shallow port side than the end of the ordinary iron stirrup, almost double the weight twice.
wolves are waiting for spies, troops have come to the front of the wolves. Chen Zhen feet out of steel stirrups quickly, and bent over to pull up with a stirrup, both hands grasp a steel stirrup mm of the life and death in this in one fell swoop. Chen array Biezuliaojin, suddenly turned toward the dense pack of screaming, and then lift the heavy steel stirrups to his chest, mercilessly smashing it on.
knock hit the rail noise, crisp high frequency, deafening, silence of the prairie in the chill, like a sword piercing thorn stabbing bile wolves. For the wolf, this unnatural sound of steel than the nature of the thunder sound even more terrible than the most feared coyote trapper steel clip the sound more threatening force. Chen array knockout first tone, put a whole pack of wolves scared collective shiver. He then hit a few, Garnett led the Wolves, all the giant slalom, Daobei ears, shrink from the neck like a burst of yellow like the wind, call the run away to the mountains. with the wolf to give up piece of exploration missions, quick off the body rejoin.
Chen Zhen could not believe my eyes, so terrible a huge Mongolian wolves, was surprised to be repulsed by two steel stirrups. He suddenly took courage strong, while Swipes stirrups, while they use the steppe nomads of the Summoner gestures, whirl round his arm, shouting to the direction behind: exclusion Ledeng! excluded Ledeng! (fast! fast!) where the wolf, there are a lot of friends.
possible, Mongolia, the Mongolian wolf understand words, it was able to understand gestures hunters hunting Mongolian language. wolves are hunters they are hunting suspected ring array of Mongolia scared quickly evacuated. but the wolves withdraw in an orderly manner, Ji Ben remained in the prairie wolves Wolf Army establishment and formation of ancient, fierce wolf assault, Garnett front, Julang rear, there is no confusion of birds scattered. Chen Zhen stared.
wolves blink of an eye and ran out of sight in the valley, sand left behind a large snow snowing fog.
sky is dark. Chen array has not been fully recognized good stirrup, Daqing Ma to catapult out towards the understanding of the recent Camp sprint it bolted. wind coming down collar cuffs, Chen Zhen was covered in cold sweat, almost into ice.
Chapter (3)
Chen Zhen finally to a prairie blizzard the first night in winter, light in the flashlight, to see the people close to fight in the dog and the wolf hh
howling woke to the sound, and when he put Valenki and Pipao Jichong Chong, carrying flashlights and sticks out of the pack horse, his legs and shook violently. flashlight shining through the snow flying, he should Gasi Mai was dragged to see the long tail of a large wolf. This wolf from start to finish almost an adult length, and she actually wanted the wolf from the packed airtight to pull out the sheep, the wolf desperately want to bite back, but Xiapo Dan's silly sheep Sheep are feared and fear the wolf wind, hard to wind back wall, where intensive sheep after Qian Pu Yong, the snow sheep crowded into the body between the smell of urine smelling gas steam, but also packed to the wolf's predecessor could not move. wolf claws pawing can only forward jump fierce biting, tug of war with the Ga Simai desperately attempt out of the flock, turn around and fight back. Chen ran staggered array , sometimes I do not know how to start. Gasi Mai behind the two big dogs have been separated by sheep, under the port can not be anxious, had he kept howling fierce call to suppress the arrogance of a large wolf. Selig family five or six other mighty big dog and all the dogs next door, is the east side of the sheep and the wolves Siqia. the dog's cry, roar, the cries sound earth-shattering. came forward to help Gasi Mai Chen Zhen to be shaking legs is Maibu Kai step. he was thinking at the hands touch the life of the wolf's desire, has long been scared into ice. Gasi Mai thought that Chen Zhen wanted to help her, anxious cry: Do not come! Do not come! Wolf bite. quick drive to open the sheep! dog!
Gasi Mai pulled the body backward tilt blasted wolf tail, drag was sweating profusely. She broke off the wolf's tail bone with both hands, and the pain was Xuepentaikou wolf Zhang suck down cold, wait for them to immediately turn around and tear the people to swallow. wolf look forward setting hopelessness, a sudden fierce back back, turned around half a body, flapping bite Gasi Mai. thorn friends cry, half Pipao hem was torn Spike next. Gasi Mai Mongol small eyes, shot like a mother leopard look like an vicious, grabbed the wolf is the Bu Songshou, and then step back Mengtiao, straighten the body to re-wolf and the wolf pulled hard, to Dog dragged here.
Chen Zhen acute panic eyes, hold high the torch of Zhungasimai his side and the wolf, fear that she might not see the wolf, the wolf bite; side picked up a stick horse around the sheep towards the lid at the very start the brain to drop down. flock chaos, darkness, fear that big wolf, the sheep are all sheep in the flashlight to light at the crowded Meng, Chen array do not move to catch the sheep. He found that fast will not pull Gasi Mai wolf, and she was the wolf dragged a few steps forward.
a yurt, a see this battle, shouting tone has changed. But he immediately ran straight to the mother, almost like a normal horse jumping, jumped from the sheep's back side Gasi Mai, an end to seize the wolf . Gasi Mai shouted: catch the wolf leg! catch the wolf leg! Enkhbayar quickly switch to two hands tightly grasped the hind leg of a wolf, doom after the pull, all of a sudden weakening of the momentum before the wolf. mother of two who managed to pull the wolf stopped step. Camp east of the fierce fighting dogs to howling, wolves apparently diversion, the main force to contain the dogs, the wolf in sheep rushed into the cover of attack or retreat. flocks in the Midwest depend on defensive line both were tenacious commitment to it, not let this great wall, the wolf from the sheep pen, felt the west wind, washed out part of the flock.
Selig old sheep has also been rushed to the edge of the side towards the side of the H sheep east of the dog cried out: Balak! Balak! Great Wolf long, but the height and chest width is more than the wolf. hear the master's Huansheng, Bale immediately exit the athletic field, Jiben to the elderly side. an emergency stop, the smell of fish blood wolf Hachu mouth. old quickly took Chen Front hand torch, flashlight beam toward the wolf in sheep according to the photos. Balak Meng Huang of the head, as dejected as the guardians of dereliction of duty, it sputtered and suddenly jumped on the sheep back, stepping on the sheep's head, even roll and crawled towards the wolf pounce. old Chong Zhen Chen shouted: where to catch the sheep to the wolves! the wolf choked! keep the wolf away! then took the hand of Chen Zhen, the two forced Tangzhuo sheep also towards the wolf and the Ga Simai squeeze.
ferocious Bale, acute Kazakh gas and blood gas puffing, and finally stood Gasi Mai's side, but the wolf's side is packed full breath of the sheep. Mongolia a good hunting dog understand the rules, do not bite back the wolf itself does not hurt the wolf skins, Bale is still no place under the mouth, anxious barking growl. Gasi Mai Balak went to a see a sudden sideways, leg, grasp the long wolf tail, resist the knee, and then shouted, his hands spell body strength, like breaking off a wood-like, a snap, stunned Baiduan the coccyx is the wolf. big wolf cry Canhao, and the pain of a let up four claws, mother and son put the call to look at a large pile of wolves from the sheep, pulled it out. Great Wolf whole body cramps, looking back injuries, Balak the momentum bite of the wolf's throat, regardless of the wolf claw grasping a hard kick dead, legs tightly hold Langtou wolf chest. dog teeth together and the two share the wolf blood ejected from the carotid artery, a large wolf frantically struggling for a minute or two, limp to the ground, a bloody mouth and tongue of the wolf Spike's Kong Xijian flow. Gasi Mai rubbed his face, wolf blood and pant. Chen Zhen think her face red with cold blood, like cast a rouge wolf, like the original prehistoric women as barbaric, and Yingwu beautiful.
strong Xue Xingqi dead wolves released into the atmosphere in the air, dogs barking east arrest, escape wolves have rapidly disappeared in the darkness. Soon, it came in the Northwest meadow mournful cries wolf to their members killed in the home here this long mast.
Chapter (4)
into the package, said Chen Zhen lingering fear still lingers: Just how frightened I was. the old man said: I had never been seen one holding your hand to know. gnaw to tremble all the time? to Once a war breaks, but also grip is maintained sharpener? want to stay in the grasslands to the wolf than the still powerful. is to be brought back You play fight wolves, and former soldiers on Genghis Khan, a rarity in fight wolves experts.
Zhen Chen nodded, said: I believe, I believe. If Gasi Mai riding into battle, Mulan must also worse than the hh Oh, flowers Mulan is the most famous of ancient Han Chinese female general.
old man said: hh flowers you pull a flower Han (blue), there is little ground; we Mongols Gasi Mai, a lot to have one by now, everyone has. King of the elderly as Hehedexiao up as wolf.
Since then, Chen Zhen is getting close and closer to the wolf, observe the wolf, the wolf study. He felt faint and grassland prairie wolf who has a mysterious relationship that may only by knowing the coyote to understand the mysterious Mongolia and the Mongolian steppe people. coyote just in Mongolia is one of the most elusive, the most mysterious part. Chen Zhen hope I can add some more specific on the wolf sense and feel of the real He even wants to dig a nest pups own hands, and hand raising a tangible mm prairie wolf, when the idea came out, even he was astounded. With spring approaching, he Wolf's desire for more and more intense.
Chapter (1)
Hun Chanyu two daughters, looks very beautiful, people are thinking that God. Chanyu said, I have this girl, encore with people, will be with the days. is no man's land in northern China built the high-profile, set two women on it. said, please welcome the hh days after year since, is a wolf howl Taiwan Shou-call day and night, due to adopt through Taiwan under the hole, not by time. The daughter said, Wu Fu at me here, trying to use and days, and now the wolf, or fetish, then the angels. will be the next to the.
its big sister panic said, this is a beast, is no disgrace parents. girl refused, under the wolf's wife, and birth. fan into the country after the then AIDS. so the people a good lead sound long songs, yet also seemed to howl.
mm Road: Abba, the wolves will play around the right moment?
Selig said softly: it had to have a moment, waiting for the opportunity wolf. wolf playing around playing around to be cautious than the hunter, you make your first Stop and think, wolf waiting for? elderly white furry eyebrows to be moved, falling slightly frosted. which cover the amount, covering her face, cape fox hat is also covered with prairie Kazakhstan cream, will the elderly face was hard, only her eyes, light brown eyes still flashing amber luster calm.
they have most of the day lying on a blanket of snow. At the moment, they began to focus on the hillside opposite the Mongolian gazelle . group of Mongolian gazelle has nearly a thousand, a few head length big black horned ram, Yi Bacao his mouth, looked up and sniffs the air, the other sheep are grazing in the fast planing snow.
Here is the Second Battalion of the winter pastures back-disaster, a radius of twenty or thirty places, is a large area of the windward mountain pasture. Grass plant density of high quality, wild wind does not fall, snow cover any.
old man whispered: you look carefully to understand, this piece of grassland particularly good position, facing the front of the big air, facing the northwest wind, the greater snow, snow, the more untenable. I was eight years old, the amount of grassland bumped Lun a few rare white plague, plains, the snow is hard enough to cover not yurts. Fortunately, most of the people and livestock, under the leadership of the elders, the first step to fast in the snow knee-deep when the concentration of all the horses, Thousands of horse riding with the red channel of snow, and then step on the snow several times a real herd of cattle, sheep and ox-cart out of a snow road snow can move slot, the three days and three nights, and only then move this piece of grassland and livestock . here is only one two feet thick snow, the grass is also high Caojian three fingers exposed. Donge was half-dead horse and sheep are renowned for the grass and cried all the crazy, rushed past. people are all crying in the snow flutter , also directed at the Tengger he kept bowed knock face is snow. to here, sheep and horses grazing can dig the snow, even snow will not planing cattle, sheep herd in the back of pick up with the grass to eat, can live more than half of the arrival of snow. time to move out to the people who may suffer myself, though to escape, almost all animals can be buried by snow. If not this piece of grassland, the amount of grassland and livestock would have died Lun no way out. Later, the amount of grassland is not how afraid Lun a white disaster. In the event of snow disaster, as long as the move here will be able to survive.
old man sighed softly: This is given to the amount of grassland Lun Tengger life-saving human and animal pastures. In the past, pastoralists across the top of the hill every year to worship every Tengger and the mountain, no one would dare the past two years thanks to a downtown sports, and can be still my heart Everybody worship. this mountain is the mountain, the amount of Lun steppe nomads both days and drought, lack of grass and then, not daring to move in the spring and autumn, this piece of grassland. in order to keep this piece of pasture, horse groom who can be hard. wolves have been guarding this hill, across the five six years, will be here to kill a group of Mongolian gazelle, with people like offering mountain, offering Tengger. this mountain is not only to save people and animals, but also save the wolves. wolf than human sperm, human and animal has not moved over it, they coming. During the day, the wolf hiding in a large pile of stones on the hilltops, and mountain snow after a hard place. the night away with the snow down and eat the sheep and cattle froze to death. wolf as long as there is something to eat, do not look for trouble for people and livestock.
several flower fluffy white clouds, he brushed the sky. old man raised his eyes ice blue Tengger, everywhere piety. Chen Zhen think only of religious painting in the West to see such a pure vision.
this year the snow came early pasture, are standing firm. grass turn yellow on the lower half has not been covered with snow, ice-cold snow in the grass as green frozen food storage, from each hollow pipe and snow grass gap a touch of green grass inside out Fasan Zhao aroma. was neighbor to the north snow and hunger oppression yellow flock across the border, one to face the winter here is like an oasis of green aroma that captured the hearts were no longer refused to turn field. all in the stomach to eat round and, like one huge drum, can make it run any faster.
only old grassland Garnett and Selig can expect to be here yellow flock committed big mistake.
group of Mongolian gazelle is not too large, in the amount of grassland Lun Chen array to the first year, from time to time will be able to see tens of thousands of large yellow sheep. According to Ministry officials that field, at 60 difficult period of three years, several northern military troops, military vehicles and guns to the prairie with numerous Mongolian gazelle hunting, meat for the military authorities. The results are rushed to the territory of the Mongolian gazelle went outside. all these years, the military border tensions, large-scale killing of Mongolian gazelle in the activity had ceased, the vast amount of grassland Lun spectacular and can see the yellow sheep. Zhen Chen sheep, when a large yellow can meet the flock, like the overwhelming grassland affixed to the yellow wind, light from passing next to his flock, sheep, goats, rolling piles of horror, staring in horror and look with envy at those wild goats ran free.
Lun amount of grassland Mongolian gazelle did not take No guns were looked down on. once burst into the crowded Chen Zhen Huang riding down the middle sheep, trying to put a disarray, the delicious taste of yellow lamb. But Mongolian gazelle running too fast, and they are the grasslands The fastest animal hooves, even the fastest dogs on the grasslands and the fastest to catch up the big wolf. Chen Zhen horse whip rushed several times, but also touch the root yellow wool vain. Huangyangchuan continue to fly Ben jumping, hang in the yellow of his flock among the Mongolian gazelle on both sides of tens of meters from the place where his passing, not far from the front and then re-closed, continued on our way. stunned and just stood there blankly he admired were the.
group of Mongolian gazelle in front of the flock can only be regarded as medium-sized, but Chen array that, for a group of dozens of large wolves wolves, this group of Mongolian gazelle is still too big. said that criminal intent is the world greatest ambition, he would like to know wolves have much appetite and ambition, but also wolves want to know how high the ability to play around.
wolves of this opportunity to cherish playing around, they are very light hunting action very slow. as long as the sheep looked up a few more rams, wolves will volts motionless in the grass, even the white exhaled air is also very very soft light.
hard yellow sheep continue to grab the grass to eat . They stop and wait. old man said softly: Mongolian gazelle, but great harm grassland, run fast, eat big, how much you eat Chou Chou are good grass. a team of hard-drinking good this saved pasture, this few days, soon the scourge of less than half of them. If again a few large group of Mongolian gazelle, to light the grass. This year's snow big, bad trouble coming to light disaster. this preparedness likely than pasture, livestock 'll be in trouble. luckily there are wolves, not a few days for sure the Mongolian gazelle kill all sent packing.
Chapter (2)
old man smiling and looking Zhen Chen a, said: yurts support your students in Beijing up more than a year, can be too small rugs, this time point we overcharged Mongolian gazelle, to the collection stations, supply and marketing cooperatives in exchange for a point blanket, so that the four winter you can warm it. CHEN Zhen said: This is good, We package to a two-tier thin rugs, the ink bottle froze the bag burst. old man smiled and said: You see, the front of this pack of wolves, going to the thing for you gifts.
Lun in the amount of grassland, a Mongolian gazelle only large frozen meat can be sold with the belt 20 yuan, almost half of a fixed work points shepherd small income. yellow sheepskin leather jacket is the finest raw materials. According to collection stations, and said, is the pilot's flight suit with yellow sheepskin. The Chinese pilots also do not wear it. Inner Mongolia grassland produced every year all the yellow sheepskin exports to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe for steel, automobiles and arms; Huangyang fillet is still doing the high grade raw material for canned meat , but also all exports. The last remaining meat and bones only people left to enjoy, Inner Mongolia on the counter of the meat thin Qixian goods, with the ticket supply.
Huangyangchuan this winter a large number of immigrants, has made the border commune ranch and Qi Xian leaders excited. at all levels of collection stations have been vacated warehouse, ready to open acquisition. cadres, as are fish hunters and herders, like the fishermen flood, plan a go. hunters and the legs of horse groom, a team Most hunters have to ride horse horse groom, to bring dogs and rifles to kill Huangyangchuan go. Chen Zhen sheep have always been tied down, and no guns and bullets. Moreover, only four horses shepherd, not like a horse groom seven or eight horses, a dozen horses special horse. educated youth, who can only watch helplessly hunting hunters catch. Two nights ago, Chen went to the hunter array Zarb blue wooden yurt, yellow sheep over a few days, He has played 11 major Mongolian gazelle, and a shot notice any wear two. a few days of hunting soon catch up with the horse groom income for three months wages high. Zhen Chen He proudly told that he had the year's tobacco money earned out, call a few days, wanted to buy a red card transistor radio, the new stay at home, the old horse to the groom to the flow of packets. in his bag, Chen array for the first time to eat Mongolian gazelle to handle fresh meat, he felt that this is a real game on the prairie. Huangyangchuan good run, they do not have a little scrap of meat, every pork fibers are long-term competitive and life experiences with the wolves out of the essence, roe deer meat, fresh meat was inferior.
Lun since the amount of yellow sheep into grasslands, the team suddenly lost the educated youth of Beijing like second class citizens. In these two years, the educated youth has been independently cattle grazing sheep, but also know nothing about hunting. However, in the eastern border in Inner Mongolia steppe nomadic mode of production, hunting seems to occupy a more important position. Mongolian ancestors were hunters in the forest in Heilongjiang upstream, then slowly into the Mongolian grasslands of semi-hunting and pastoral , hunting is an important income for each household, or even the main source of income. herders in the grasslands in the amount of gallons, the highest status of groom horses, groom horses for most of the good hunter. But to the educated youth of the very few readers, when launched , and when the horse groom's educated youth still only entering the door of the apprenticeship division, a good horse from the groom worse too far. So, when hunting the big flood coming, and almost think I have become the new nomads of the Beijing educated youth who only to find they do not rely on top.
Chen Zhen Huang fed lamb, accepted the blue wood Zarb brother gave him a yellow leg of lamb, they bitterly Selig ran the old yurt.
Although the educated youth who are already admitted to his yurt, but Chen Zhen old father still like to go there often. The large yurt pretty honest warmth. Interior week, Mongolian and Tibetan religious designs hanging from the tapestry, the floor covered with white Deer carpets. short side on the table and bowl of wood care Bowl brass basin shelves aluminum pot, all polished. here day high and the emperor far away, the Red Guards, tapestry carpet up. Chen array that yurts, four educated youth are a high school classmate of Beijing, of which three are compatibility, ignorance of the radical Red Guards who was very offensive, and therefore the beginning of winter in 1967, together early hustle and bustle of Beijing bid farewell to the prairie for a quiet life, get along fairly harmoniously with each other. yurts Selig elderly, as a prairie tribe chiefs camp and let him get more love and care, so that is nice and safe, Chen Zhen.
two years, the elderly family had him as a member of the family, and Chen array from Beijing brought two boxes full of books, especially Chinese and foreign books on Mongolian history ...
Chapter (1)
mm Fan Wenlan, Chen Zhen nest in the snow with a telescope lens, caught in a big wolf, he saw the Mongolian grassland wolf eyes like steel cone. Chen array body like a porcupine mm barbed hairs stood on the general, almost stay away from the skin shirts. Selig old man at his side, Chen array feel this has no SOUL, however, who erected the perspiration or sweat pores along seeped out. Although Chen array to to the prairie has been two years, he still afraid of the Ju Lang on the Mongolian steppe and wolves. Camp in the mountains away from the face of so much of a pack of wolves, frost breath of his mouth all shake. Chen Zhen and Selig elderly, at the moment do not have guns, no long knife, no horses shot, and even a pair of stirrup iron so the guy did not. They only have two horses stick, if wolves sniff out their popularity, They may have to advance that burial of the.
Chen Zhen and spit out a half trembling tone side head only to see the elderly. Selig is with the other telescope observing wolves encirclement. elderly low voice said: This is courage to gnaw into you? as with the sheep. You fear the wolf from the bones is Han Chinese, or Han Chinese to the grasslands on the net how a defeat. elderly people see Chen Zhen Bu Zhisheng, he cried quietly side head: This do not be scared moment was kept movement to come up with points that are no joke. Chen Zhen nod, with the clutch a handful of snow, snow in his palm was molded into a lump of ice .
hillside opposite side, large group of Mongolian gazelle was still alert to grab the grass to eat, but do not seem to find the wolves in the conspiracy. wolves surrounded the end of the line has become increasingly close to the nest the two of snow, Chen Array not daring to move, he felt almost frozen into an ice hh
This is the second time in the grasslands, Chen Zhen face big pack of wolves. at the moment, the first encounter with the wolves all over the fright and flutter his whole body. He believed that any kind of encounter experienced Han Chinese, and his gall bladder and can not in good condition.
two years ago, Chen Zhen arrived in the border ranch from Beijing jump the queue when it is late November, the amount of Oakland has long been a snow-covered prairie. yurt educated youth has not been sent down, Zhen Chen stayed in the old Selig, the distribution as a shepherd. more than a month after the day he went with the elderly more than 80 miles away Marketing Department to receive study documents, by the way the procurement of some commodities. temporary home for the elderly members of the Revolutionary Committee as a pasture, was suddenly left the meeting, but the farm ministry instructed the documents must be immediately sent to the brigade without delay. Chen Zhen had one Riding back to the team. Before leaving, the elderly will be identified quickly and their family horse Daqing Ma, change to the Chen Zhen, and repeatedly told him do not a shortcut, be sure to take along a large lane, all the way across the two ten miles have yurts, nothing would happen.
Daqing Chen Zhen a ride horses, and his crotch immediately felt a strong fine Mongolian horse, there is a horse emergency line impulses. had just boarded the a ridge overlooking the recall of dry litter brigade pulled the resident mountain, he told the elderly that'll throw in the back, cool, gave up twenty years of bypass lane to take the big piece of line, and instead copied almost straight Road plug to the brigade.
was getting cold, about halfway, the sun was frozen howling trembling, shrinking to go below the horizon. liters of snow on the cold surface air, Pipao skin panels have also been frozen hard. Chen array shaking arms, elbows and waist Pipao, we will send Cha Cha friction sound. Daqing Ma body is covered with a white sweat cream, thick snow horse riding, horse gradually slow. hilly, one after another, surrounded by the smoke plume boundless wilderness land. Daqing still trotting horse, does not show fatigue. It is not Britain do not shake up and running, try to make people comfortable ride. Chen Zhen will release the horse bit and let it master the physical strength, speed and direction. Chen Zhen suddenly tremble, and my heart some inexplicable tension mm Daqing Ma lost his fear, fear of the weather changes, fear of storms, fear of freezing to death in the snow wilderness, but is to forget the fear of wolves.
approaching a valley mouth, the way active tamper Daqing Ma, around the listener's ears suddenly stopped, and Taniguchi straight toward the rear of the jet began to rise , the pace of disorder. Chen array This is the first time in the snow on the road riding alone far away, did not realize the danger in front. Daqing Ma hastily dilating his nostrils, eyes wide open, given a free hand to change direction, to pass to go. Ma, Chen Zhen was puzzled but intended, he tightened chewing mouth, call forward is to continue to trot horse. Bu more chaos into the top half to go half-half run, and foot pedals under the strong but, at any time can be bolted. Chen Zhen must cherish that horsepower in the winter, tightly reined in bits, not to horses ran together.
Daqing Ma, see a series of reminder warning does not work, then snap back to the Valenki Chen Zhen. Daqing Ma, Chen Zhen suddenly saw the eye of terror looming danger. but it was too late, Daqing Ma shaking flared into the dark opening in the valley.
suddenly turned to when Chen Zhen looked the valley, he planted almost frightened horse. less than 40 meters away from his slopes, in the sunset sky, the actually had a large group of gold Mao Cancan, murderous Mongolian wolf. all of the positive or side head stared at him, an awl-like flying whiz eyes almost shot him into a hedgehog. the nearest first Julang just a few, as big as a leopard, a full zoo in Beijing than he to see a wolf rough times, the high half times the length of half a body. At this point, and dozens of sitting in the snow to look at the big wolf call all stand up, Alice Elliot all levels, to be like a scabbard of the knife, a pair of The bow string, condescending, ready to slaughter the posture. wolves in a wolf are surrounded by large white Garnett, and his neck, chest and abdominal tracts of gray hair, sent platinum-like bright, dazzling, shed an ominous shot of Viagra proud of the tigers. all the other fish no less than thirty or forty head. Later, Chen Zhen talk in detail with Selig at the battle wolves, the elderly with the index finger scrape a bit cold sweat on his forehead, said, Wolves Bacheng a meeting, just over the hill a group of horses, Garnett is furnished to the men plan to attack the horses do. Fortunately, this is not a group of hungry wolves, shiny coat is not hungry wolf wolf.
Chen Zhen in In fact, that moment has lost any consciousness. he remembered the last ray of feeling is a slight head bursts, but most horrible sound, like a mouth blown Zuse fine silver flutter that issued the clank sound. This must be his Tianling Gai Soul hit in the attack on the sound. Chen Zhen feel that their lives had been interrupted several seconds, the moment he has become a SOUL of the body, an empty body body. long after Zhen Chen Recall that the encounter with the wolves, the heart grateful Selig and his father Daqing Ma. Chen Zhen is not planted horse, because he is not an ordinary horse riding, it is an array of grow up in the wolf , veteran of the famous hunting horse.
the last minute, critical juncture, Daqing Ma sudden abnormal calm. It pretended not to see the wolves, or an intention to stir red wolves are gathering the way, is still riding the pace of passing their way slowly forward. It bulging guts, control the hoof, not struggling to swing, not Duolu bolted, but strongly firmly on the saddle pack is the temporary owner of their heads like a stack frame towering glass master disk acrobatics, Chen array to adjust the horse under the body sensitive and carefully control the vertical central axis of the spine, Chen Zhen, the center of gravity tilt would not let him off balance and fell into a wolf array.
is possible that Daqing Ma enormous courage and wisdom, the soul will be chasing Chen array OBE back. it may be led by Chen Zhen suddenly Tengger (days) of the spirit of the caress, for his soul to heaven prematurely lost , rub it into the confidence and guidance. when Chen Zhen air travel in the winter fly tens of seconds of the soul, again settled into his shell, he feels that he has luck resurrection, and was surprisingly calm.
Chapter (2 )
struggling with the body frame, Chen Zhen, sitting the saddle, can not help but learn to Daqing Ma, mobilize and focus the remaining courage, and pretended not to see the wolves, only the corner of my eye to feel the tension in the side near next to the wolves. He knew the speed of the Mongolian prairie wolf, which tens of meters away from the target, it takes only a few seconds the Mongolian wolf can be accomplished overnight. men and side of the wolves getting closer, Chen Zhen aware of his The slightest hint of cowardice must not, must, like singing in the empty city as Zhuge Liang, put on a chest Xiongbing millions of its own, following the cavalry behind thousands of posture. the only way to quell vicious killer mm suspicious Mongolian steppe grassland wolf.
He felt that Garnett was craned his neck to look to the hillside behind him, pointed bowl long regarded wolves ears, like radar, Garnett looked toward the same direction. all are awaiting Garnett ordered the killer. But , this no guns no single pole single horse, dared to pass such a bold swagger to the wolves, have made a big wolf Garnett and all suspicious.
sunset fade away. men away from the wolves closer. This Chen Zhen Ji Shibu life can be said that the most dangerous, one of the most long way. Daqing Ma and took a few steps, felt a sudden, Chen Zhen, a wolf ran to the slopes behind him, he realized that it must Garnett is sending spies, to see whether he was behind the ambush. Chen Zhen Wu in the body that just have to heat the soul of the OBE.
the pace of Daqing Ma did not seem so calm out. Chen array of double legs and horse trembling and terrible resonance occurs rapidly, and then transmitted to enlarge the common fear of men. Daqing back behind the horse's ears, tense piece of spies concerned about the wolf. Once the wolf proved the truth, men may just walked away from the nearest wolf. Chen Zhen feel like walking through a giant wolf population, above the sharp Spike, the following is also a sharp Spike, Spike chances are he is walked up and down between the wolf population would Kacha soon close a. Daqing Ma Squat cohesion began to gently, for one last desperate stroke. However, the Mayi Qi move must lose weight.
steppe nomads, Chen Zhen, as suddenly as the critical juncture in the call from the heart Tengger: longevity days, the Tengger, you stretched out arm, and help me now! He gently calling Selig Abba. Bi Lige Meng language means wisdom, the old father he wanted to wisdom of the Mongolian grasslands, quickly reach his brain. quietly Lun amount of grassland, there is no echo. He raised his head in despair, like the last look at the beautiful ice blue Tengger.
Suddenly, the old father's words from heaven, as in H-like Jilei into his eardrum: wolf fear guns, horses and iron rods. guns and horses shot, he did not. iron he not? his feet for a hot, ! his feet Dengzhe is a huge steel stirrups. rapturously his feet trembled.
Selig Daqing father to his horse for him, but the saddle did not change. No wonder the old man had his pick a pair of steel pedal so much, it seems that the elderly have long expected the day of its need it. But the old man had said to him, beginner horseback riding, the stirrup is not to step on the instability. what if Ma Liao down, also easy to Drag the stirrup, was horse kicked Tisi. pair of wide open stirrups, riding at the end is round, shallow port side than the end of the ordinary iron stirrup, almost double the weight twice.
wolves are waiting for spies, troops have come to the front of the wolves. Chen Zhen feet out of steel stirrups quickly, and bent over to pull up with a stirrup, both hands grasp a steel stirrup mm of the life and death in this in one fell swoop. Chen array Biezuliaojin, suddenly turned toward the dense pack of screaming, and then lift the heavy steel stirrups to his chest, mercilessly smashing it on.
knock hit the rail noise, crisp high frequency, deafening, silence of the prairie in the chill, like a sword piercing thorn stabbing bile wolves. For the wolf, this unnatural sound of steel than the nature of the thunder sound even more terrible than the most feared coyote trapper steel clip the sound more threatening force. Chen array knockout first tone, put a whole pack of wolves scared collective shiver. He then hit a few, Garnett led the Wolves, all the giant slalom, Daobei ears, shrink from the neck like a burst of yellow like the wind, call the run away to the mountains. with the wolf to give up piece of exploration missions, quick off the body rejoin.
Chen Zhen could not believe my eyes, so terrible a huge Mongolian wolves, was surprised to be repulsed by two steel stirrups. He suddenly took courage strong, while Swipes stirrups, while they use the steppe nomads of the Summoner gestures, whirl round his arm, shouting to the direction behind: exclusion Ledeng! excluded Ledeng! (fast! fast!) where the wolf, there are a lot of friends.
possible, Mongolia, the Mongolian wolf understand words, it was able to understand gestures hunters hunting Mongolian language. wolves are hunters they are hunting suspected ring array of Mongolia scared quickly evacuated. but the wolves withdraw in an orderly manner, Ji Ben remained in the prairie wolves Wolf Army establishment and formation of ancient, fierce wolf assault, Garnett front, Julang rear, there is no confusion of birds scattered. Chen Zhen stared.
wolves blink of an eye and ran out of sight in the valley, sand left behind a large snow snowing fog.
sky is dark. Chen array has not been fully recognized good stirrup, Daqing Ma to catapult out towards the understanding of the recent Camp sprint it bolted. wind coming down collar cuffs, Chen Zhen was covered in cold sweat, almost into ice.
Chapter (3)
Chen Zhen finally to a prairie blizzard the first night in winter, light in the flashlight, to see the people close to fight in the dog and the wolf hh
howling woke to the sound, and when he put Valenki and Pipao Jichong Chong, carrying flashlights and sticks out of the pack horse, his legs and shook violently. flashlight shining through the snow flying, he should Gasi Mai was dragged to see the long tail of a large wolf. This wolf from start to finish almost an adult length, and she actually wanted the wolf from the packed airtight to pull out the sheep, the wolf desperately want to bite back, but Xiapo Dan's silly sheep Sheep are feared and fear the wolf wind, hard to wind back wall, where intensive sheep after Qian Pu Yong, the snow sheep crowded into the body between the smell of urine smelling gas steam, but also packed to the wolf's predecessor could not move. wolf claws pawing can only forward jump fierce biting, tug of war with the Ga Simai desperately attempt out of the flock, turn around and fight back. Chen ran staggered array , sometimes I do not know how to start. Gasi Mai behind the two big dogs have been separated by sheep, under the port can not be anxious, had he kept howling fierce call to suppress the arrogance of a large wolf. Selig family five or six other mighty big dog and all the dogs next door, is the east side of the sheep and the wolves Siqia. the dog's cry, roar, the cries sound earth-shattering. came forward to help Gasi Mai Chen Zhen to be shaking legs is Maibu Kai step. he was thinking at the hands touch the life of the wolf's desire, has long been scared into ice. Gasi Mai thought that Chen Zhen wanted to help her, anxious cry: Do not come! Do not come! Wolf bite. quick drive to open the sheep! dog!
Gasi Mai pulled the body backward tilt blasted wolf tail, drag was sweating profusely. She broke off the wolf's tail bone with both hands, and the pain was Xuepentaikou wolf Zhang suck down cold, wait for them to immediately turn around and tear the people to swallow. wolf look forward setting hopelessness, a sudden fierce back back, turned around half a body, flapping bite Gasi Mai. thorn friends cry, half Pipao hem was torn Spike next. Gasi Mai Mongol small eyes, shot like a mother leopard look like an vicious, grabbed the wolf is the Bu Songshou, and then step back Mengtiao, straighten the body to re-wolf and the wolf pulled hard, to Dog dragged here.
Chen Zhen acute panic eyes, hold high the torch of Zhungasimai his side and the wolf, fear that she might not see the wolf, the wolf bite; side picked up a stick horse around the sheep towards the lid at the very start the brain to drop down. flock chaos, darkness, fear that big wolf, the sheep are all sheep in the flashlight to light at the crowded Meng, Chen array do not move to catch the sheep. He found that fast will not pull Gasi Mai wolf, and she was the wolf dragged a few steps forward.
a yurt, a see this battle, shouting tone has changed. But he immediately ran straight to the mother, almost like a normal horse jumping, jumped from the sheep's back side Gasi Mai, an end to seize the wolf . Gasi Mai shouted: catch the wolf leg! catch the wolf leg! Enkhbayar quickly switch to two hands tightly grasped the hind leg of a wolf, doom after the pull, all of a sudden weakening of the momentum before the wolf. mother of two who managed to pull the wolf stopped step. Camp east of the fierce fighting dogs to howling, wolves apparently diversion, the main force to contain the dogs, the wolf in sheep rushed into the cover of attack or retreat. flocks in the Midwest depend on defensive line both were tenacious commitment to it, not let this great wall, the wolf from the sheep pen, felt the west wind, washed out part of the flock.
Selig old sheep has also been rushed to the edge of the side towards the side of the H sheep east of the dog cried out: Balak! Balak! Great Wolf long, but the height and chest width is more than the wolf. hear the master's Huansheng, Bale immediately exit the athletic field, Jiben to the elderly side. an emergency stop, the smell of fish blood wolf Hachu mouth. old quickly took Chen Front hand torch, flashlight beam toward the wolf in sheep according to the photos. Balak Meng Huang of the head, as dejected as the guardians of dereliction of duty, it sputtered and suddenly jumped on the sheep back, stepping on the sheep's head, even roll and crawled towards the wolf pounce. old Chong Zhen Chen shouted: where to catch the sheep to the wolves! the wolf choked! keep the wolf away! then took the hand of Chen Zhen, the two forced Tangzhuo sheep also towards the wolf and the Ga Simai squeeze.
ferocious Bale, acute Kazakh gas and blood gas puffing, and finally stood Gasi Mai's side, but the wolf's side is packed full breath of the sheep. Mongolia a good hunting dog understand the rules, do not bite back the wolf itself does not hurt the wolf skins, Bale is still no place under the mouth, anxious barking growl. Gasi Mai Balak went to a see a sudden sideways, leg, grasp the long wolf tail, resist the knee, and then shouted, his hands spell body strength, like breaking off a wood-like, a snap, stunned Baiduan the coccyx is the wolf. big wolf cry Canhao, and the pain of a let up four claws, mother and son put the call to look at a large pile of wolves from the sheep, pulled it out. Great Wolf whole body cramps, looking back injuries, Balak the momentum bite of the wolf's throat, regardless of the wolf claw grasping a hard kick dead, legs tightly hold Langtou wolf chest. dog teeth together and the two share the wolf blood ejected from the carotid artery, a large wolf frantically struggling for a minute or two, limp to the ground, a bloody mouth and tongue of the wolf Spike's Kong Xijian flow. Gasi Mai rubbed his face, wolf blood and pant. Chen Zhen think her face red with cold blood, like cast a rouge wolf, like the original prehistoric women as barbaric, and Yingwu beautiful.
strong Xue Xingqi dead wolves released into the atmosphere in the air, dogs barking east arrest, escape wolves have rapidly disappeared in the darkness. Soon, it came in the Northwest meadow mournful cries wolf to their members killed in the home here this long mast.
Chapter (4)
into the package, said Chen Zhen lingering fear still lingers: Just how frightened I was. the old man said: I had never been seen one holding your hand to know. gnaw to tremble all the time? to Once a war breaks, but also grip is maintained sharpener? want to stay in the grasslands to the wolf than the still powerful. is to be brought back You play fight wolves, and former soldiers on Genghis Khan, a rarity in fight wolves experts.
Zhen Chen nodded, said: I believe, I believe. If Gasi Mai riding into battle, Mulan must also worse than the hh Oh, flowers Mulan is the most famous of ancient Han Chinese female general.
old man said: hh flowers you pull a flower Han (blue), there is little ground; we Mongols Gasi Mai, a lot to have one by now, everyone has. King of the elderly as Hehedexiao up as wolf.
Since then, Chen Zhen is getting close and closer to the wolf, observe the wolf, the wolf study. He felt faint and grassland prairie wolf who has a mysterious relationship that may only by knowing the coyote to understand the mysterious Mongolia and the Mongolian steppe people. coyote just in Mongolia is one of the most elusive, the most mysterious part. Chen Zhen hope I can add some more specific on the wolf sense and feel of the real He even wants to dig a nest pups own hands, and hand raising a tangible mm prairie wolf, when the idea came out, even he was astounded. With spring approaching, he Wolf's desire for more and more intense.
Chapter (1)
Hun Chanyu two daughters, looks very beautiful, people are thinking that God. Chanyu said, I have this girl, encore with people, will be with the days. is no man's land in northern China built the high-profile, set two women on it. said, please welcome the hh days after year since, is a wolf howl Taiwan Shou-call day and night, due to adopt through Taiwan under the hole, not by time. The daughter said, Wu Fu at me here, trying to use and days, and now the wolf, or fetish, then the angels. will be the next to the.
its big sister panic said, this is a beast, is no disgrace parents. girl refused, under the wolf's wife, and birth. fan into the country after the then AIDS. so the people a good lead sound long songs, yet also seemed to howl.
mm Road: Abba, the wolves will play around the right moment?
Selig said softly: it had to have a moment, waiting for the opportunity wolf. wolf playing around playing around to be cautious than the hunter, you make your first Stop and think, wolf waiting for? elderly white furry eyebrows to be moved, falling slightly frosted. which cover the amount, covering her face, cape fox hat is also covered with prairie Kazakhstan cream, will the elderly face was hard, only her eyes, light brown eyes still flashing amber luster calm.
they have most of the day lying on a blanket of snow. At the moment, they began to focus on the hillside opposite the Mongolian gazelle . group of Mongolian gazelle has nearly a thousand, a few head length big black horned ram, Yi Bacao his mouth, looked up and sniffs the air, the other sheep are grazing in the fast planing snow.
Here is the Second Battalion of the winter pastures back-disaster, a radius of twenty or thirty places, is a large area of the windward mountain pasture. Grass plant density of high quality, wild wind does not fall, snow cover any.
old man whispered: you look carefully to understand, this piece of grassland particularly good position, facing the front of the big air, facing the northwest wind, the greater snow, snow, the more untenable. I was eight years old, the amount of grassland bumped Lun a few rare white plague, plains, the snow is hard enough to cover not yurts. Fortunately, most of the people and livestock, under the leadership of the elders, the first step to fast in the snow knee-deep when the concentration of all the horses, Thousands of horse riding with the red channel of snow, and then step on the snow several times a real herd of cattle, sheep and ox-cart out of a snow road snow can move slot, the three days and three nights, and only then move this piece of grassland and livestock . here is only one two feet thick snow, the grass is also high Caojian three fingers exposed. Donge was half-dead horse and sheep are renowned for the grass and cried all the crazy, rushed past. people are all crying in the snow flutter , also directed at the Tengger he kept bowed knock face is snow. to here, sheep and horses grazing can dig the snow, even snow will not planing cattle, sheep herd in the back of pick up with the grass to eat, can live more than half of the arrival of snow. time to move out to the people who may suffer myself, though to escape, almost all animals can be buried by snow. If not this piece of grassland, the amount of grassland and livestock would have died Lun no way out. Later, the amount of grassland is not how afraid Lun a white disaster. In the event of snow disaster, as long as the move here will be able to survive.
old man sighed softly: This is given to the amount of grassland Lun Tengger life-saving human and animal pastures. In the past, pastoralists across the top of the hill every year to worship every Tengger and the mountain, no one would dare the past two years thanks to a downtown sports, and can be still my heart Everybody worship. this mountain is the mountain, the amount of Lun steppe nomads both days and drought, lack of grass and then, not daring to move in the spring and autumn, this piece of grassland. in order to keep this piece of pasture, horse groom who can be hard. wolves have been guarding this hill, across the five six years, will be here to kill a group of Mongolian gazelle, with people like offering mountain, offering Tengger. this mountain is not only to save people and animals, but also save the wolves. wolf than human sperm, human and animal has not moved over it, they coming. During the day, the wolf hiding in a large pile of stones on the hilltops, and mountain snow after a hard place. the night away with the snow down and eat the sheep and cattle froze to death. wolf as long as there is something to eat, do not look for trouble for people and livestock.
several flower fluffy white clouds, he brushed the sky. old man raised his eyes ice blue Tengger, everywhere piety. Chen Zhen think only of religious painting in the West to see such a pure vision.
this year the snow came early pasture, are standing firm. grass turn yellow on the lower half has not been covered with snow, ice-cold snow in the grass as green frozen food storage, from each hollow pipe and snow grass gap a touch of green grass inside out Fasan Zhao aroma. was neighbor to the north snow and hunger oppression yellow flock across the border, one to face the winter here is like an oasis of green aroma that captured the hearts were no longer refused to turn field. all in the stomach to eat round and, like one huge drum, can make it run any faster.
only old grassland Garnett and Selig can expect to be here yellow flock committed big mistake.
group of Mongolian gazelle is not too large, in the amount of grassland Lun Chen array to the first year, from time to time will be able to see tens of thousands of large yellow sheep. According to Ministry officials that field, at 60 difficult period of three years, several northern military troops, military vehicles and guns to the prairie with numerous Mongolian gazelle hunting, meat for the military authorities. The results are rushed to the territory of the Mongolian gazelle went outside. all these years, the military border tensions, large-scale killing of Mongolian gazelle in the activity had ceased, the vast amount of grassland Lun spectacular and can see the yellow sheep. Zhen Chen sheep, when a large yellow can meet the flock, like the overwhelming grassland affixed to the yellow wind, light from passing next to his flock, sheep, goats, rolling piles of horror, staring in horror and look with envy at those wild goats ran free.
Lun amount of grassland Mongolian gazelle did not take No guns were looked down on. once burst into the crowded Chen Zhen Huang riding down the middle sheep, trying to put a disarray, the delicious taste of yellow lamb. But Mongolian gazelle running too fast, and they are the grasslands The fastest animal hooves, even the fastest dogs on the grasslands and the fastest to catch up the big wolf. Chen Zhen horse whip rushed several times, but also touch the root yellow wool vain. Huangyangchuan continue to fly Ben jumping, hang in the yellow of his flock among the Mongolian gazelle on both sides of tens of meters from the place where his passing, not far from the front and then re-closed, continued on our way. stunned and just stood there blankly he admired were the.
group of Mongolian gazelle in front of the flock can only be regarded as medium-sized, but Chen array that, for a group of dozens of large wolves wolves, this group of Mongolian gazelle is still too big. said that criminal intent is the world greatest ambition, he would like to know wolves have much appetite and ambition, but also wolves want to know how high the ability to play around.
wolves of this opportunity to cherish playing around, they are very light hunting action very slow. as long as the sheep looked up a few more rams, wolves will volts motionless in the grass, even the white exhaled air is also very very soft light.
hard yellow sheep continue to grab the grass to eat . They stop and wait. old man said softly: Mongolian gazelle, but great harm grassland, run fast, eat big, how much you eat Chou Chou are good grass. a team of hard-drinking good this saved pasture, this few days, soon the scourge of less than half of them. If again a few large group of Mongolian gazelle, to light the grass. This year's snow big, bad trouble coming to light disaster. this preparedness likely than pasture, livestock 'll be in trouble. luckily there are wolves, not a few days for sure the Mongolian gazelle kill all sent packing.
Chapter (2)
old man smiling and looking Zhen Chen a, said: yurts support your students in Beijing up more than a year, can be too small rugs, this time point we overcharged Mongolian gazelle, to the collection stations, supply and marketing cooperatives in exchange for a point blanket, so that the four winter you can warm it. CHEN Zhen said: This is good, We package to a two-tier thin rugs, the ink bottle froze the bag burst. old man smiled and said: You see, the front of this pack of wolves, going to the thing for you gifts.
Lun in the amount of grassland, a Mongolian gazelle only large frozen meat can be sold with the belt 20 yuan, almost half of a fixed work points shepherd small income. yellow sheepskin leather jacket is the finest raw materials. According to collection stations, and said, is the pilot's flight suit with yellow sheepskin. The Chinese pilots also do not wear it. Inner Mongolia grassland produced every year all the yellow sheepskin exports to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe for steel, automobiles and arms; Huangyang fillet is still doing the high grade raw material for canned meat , but also all exports. The last remaining meat and bones only people left to enjoy, Inner Mongolia on the counter of the meat thin Qixian goods, with the ticket supply.
Huangyangchuan this winter a large number of immigrants, has made the border commune ranch and Qi Xian leaders excited. at all levels of collection stations have been vacated warehouse, ready to open acquisition. cadres, as are fish hunters and herders, like the fishermen flood, plan a go. hunters and the legs of horse groom, a team Most hunters have to ride horse horse groom, to bring dogs and rifles to kill Huangyangchuan go. Chen Zhen sheep have always been tied down, and no guns and bullets. Moreover, only four horses shepherd, not like a horse groom seven or eight horses, a dozen horses special horse. educated youth, who can only watch helplessly hunting hunters catch. Two nights ago, Chen went to the hunter array Zarb blue wooden yurt, yellow sheep over a few days, He has played 11 major Mongolian gazelle, and a shot notice any wear two. a few days of hunting soon catch up with the horse groom income for three months wages high. Zhen Chen He proudly told that he had the year's tobacco money earned out, call a few days, wanted to buy a red card transistor radio, the new stay at home, the old horse to the groom to the flow of packets. in his bag, Chen array for the first time to eat Mongolian gazelle to handle fresh meat, he felt that this is a real game on the prairie. Huangyangchuan good run, they do not have a little scrap of meat, every pork fibers are long-term competitive and life experiences with the wolves out of the essence, roe deer meat, fresh meat was inferior.
Lun since the amount of yellow sheep into grasslands, the team suddenly lost the educated youth of Beijing like second class citizens. In these two years, the educated youth has been independently cattle grazing sheep, but also know nothing about hunting. However, in the eastern border in Inner Mongolia steppe nomadic mode of production, hunting seems to occupy a more important position. Mongolian ancestors were hunters in the forest in Heilongjiang upstream, then slowly into the Mongolian grasslands of semi-hunting and pastoral , hunting is an important income for each household, or even the main source of income. herders in the grasslands in the amount of gallons, the highest status of groom horses, groom horses for most of the good hunter. But to the educated youth of the very few readers, when launched , and when the horse groom's educated youth still only entering the door of the apprenticeship division, a good horse from the groom worse too far. So, when hunting the big flood coming, and almost think I have become the new nomads of the Beijing educated youth who only to find they do not rely on top.
Chen Zhen Huang fed lamb, accepted the blue wood Zarb brother gave him a yellow leg of lamb, they bitterly Selig ran the old yurt.
Although the educated youth who are already admitted to his yurt, but Chen Zhen old father still like to go there often. The large yurt pretty honest warmth. Interior week, Mongolian and Tibetan religious designs hanging from the tapestry, the floor covered with white Deer carpets. short side on the table and bowl of wood care Bowl brass basin shelves aluminum pot, all polished. here day high and the emperor far away, the Red Guards, tapestry carpet up. Chen array that yurts, four educated youth are a high school classmate of Beijing, of which three are compatibility, ignorance of the radical Red Guards who was very offensive, and therefore the beginning of winter in 1967, together early hustle and bustle of Beijing bid farewell to the prairie for a quiet life, get along fairly harmoniously with each other. yurts Selig elderly, as a prairie tribe chiefs camp and let him get more love and care, so that is nice and safe, Chen Zhen.
two years, the elderly family had him as a member of the family, and Chen array from Beijing brought two boxes full of books, especially Chinese and foreign books on Mongolian history ...
Monday, December 27, 2010
Automobile market scan - Part 29
Key information from the National Federation of daily news
by automobile this week outlined:
1,8
end of the market trend has been a week the end of the Olympics, the market was quiet this week, no major manufacturers of new and modified models listed. compared to August 2007 the Mingrui, MG new car, and 08 Camry, Pentium, and 07 other listed Sylphy lively scene, 08 years in August are Marketing rest period after the Olympic Games. This week's holiday retail sales rebounded slightly, compared with the Olympics two weeks have significantly improved sales and higher sales in the week before the Olympic Games. It should be said better sales rebound.
8 months market sales and July is insignificant, but over the years in August retail sales were higher than in July, so the August 08 Olympic Games have an impact.
2, the automobile market of the Olympic Games with the Olympic Games should not be exaggerated
the end of the Olympic Games and the stimulating effects on the economy far less than expected, so the impact of the automobile market also seems to be associated with the Olympics. Of course the market trend changes from July to September is closely related to the Olympics, but the overall impact should be minimal Olympics .
decline as the automobile market during 2004 across the Olympic Games, while the 2008 Olympics before and after market performance is poor, so a period of 4 years, the theories seem to prevail. We dare not say a cycle of 4 years is reasonable, but at least is the car market blowout in 2002 passenger cars in China since the short history of rapid development, the reincarnation cycle, not from the confirmation. from causes of view, 2004's auto market adjustment is China's own economic adjustment and the accumulation of contradictions in the automobile market the result of the outbreak , and 08 of the passenger car market factors were complex, a larger proportion of world economic factors. At the same time we want to see the Asian economic crisis in 97 years and 01 years of U.S. IT world of the Internet bubble burst the economic impact on China's influence is small, 08-year impact is much larger. At the same time reflect on 02 years if the explosive growth of the Chinese auto market after the dotcom bust world economic recovery of the final performance of the combined effect.
2, China's economic development still faces enormous pressure
We are not economists, but we also must pay attention to changes in economic development. The current global economic downturn huge impact on China. As China's current rapid development of export-oriented economy, while the total magnitude of . exports as the most dynamic engine of economic growth, and the world is closely related to economic change. developed countries are the controllers of the world economic order, the economic crisis in the developed countries must lead the transformation of vulnerable groups, China's economy will be hurt , while China's auto exports for the economically less developed countries is, therefore, be hit. Because of this pressure on China's automobile industry shows great.
3, of the 2009 auto market should keep a low profile
08 年China's auto market is affected by many factors and the performance is acceptable, especially in commercial vehicles in the first half led to high growth and rapid development of the automotive market, while the second half of the car market are larger domestic and international pressure. Meanwhile, China is facing initiative of economic restructuring, so the speed of economic recovery may be more slowly, which is the growth of the automotive market in 2009 will bring even greater pressure.
4, nine of gold ten silver should reasonably be expected to
9 - October car sales market should be better. particularly in the gradual rising costs and the existing models with the world situation, manufacturers operating pressure increased, the market may be reduced ability to take the case of ,9-10 months market is expected to remain good. relative to the 7-8 month sales ,9-10 months of sales growth estimated at well.
4, China's auto industry
we want to develop economic insecurity, but also should pay attention to people's livelihood, while but also to control the capital. In the introduction of China's reform and opening up to the task completed, we are facing is to develop people's livelihood and go out to the people's livelihood and the economy at this time is an important task of industrial safety. foreign investment in access to normal profits and to adapt to Chinese market have demonstrated transnational groups of China's national security threats. to the long-term control of the international industrial chain of China's most bottom exploit the residual value of the largest, multinational corporations have demonstrated a series of Monopoly action. China's auto industry, Unsafe .
5, SMEs and to foster the development of private economy paradigm shift of great significance
many current policies are central to encourage SMEs to bail out and support the development of the tendency of individual and private enterprises. This is great adjustment. This is a new stage of China's economic development to a landmark change. Only the nation is the world, this is the national capital in the effective development of the field of competition is a powerful symbol of China.
We always lamented, Tianjin Development Why poor? Jiangsu ye will not do? Zhejiang why this badly. Zhejiang rapid development of private capital, which led to the economic development of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang's imports and luxury cars the most, that is, small and medium enterprises in Zhejiang Province where the strength of the private capital . from the Ministry of Information Industry and a number of new policy direction of view, we feel that the industrial self-reliance, innovation and development orientation of the strong. the future Chinese auto industry entered a new period of development.
one, new products, price scanning < br> 1. Lotus racing down 10,000.
Young Automotive Group announced that from now on to reduce the UK's Lotus sports car racing in the price, fell for a million. reporter from the 4S stores in Beijing Young Lotus noted that the current market in Beijing Lotus racing price drop of 1.8 million, the lowest price of 121,800 yuan.
analysis: from the past year of youth racing in performance, racing is actually a fully illustrated all aspects of youth ill-prepared vehicle under hastily listed, in fact, young people do not have the production car racing's strength, the youth is actually a full import car models, which was originally expected to be made of the time a young car dragged on, the original racing is 30,000 sales this year, and for now, hope to accomplish this goal the basic expected full-year sales of racing no more than 1 million. had as its own brand of racing, paste Lotus sports car performance gives the label had high expectations, and lack of domestic preparation, as well as network building is not in place, manufacturers in the market when there is no racing launched the promotional and other measures, all the delays and lack of work makes the best racing missed sales and marketing period, the current domestic production of young racing date has not been officially confirmed, the import of new models is nowhere in sight, young want to rely solely on short-term car a racing to maintain the brand image of youth, it seems no easy task, and the car you want to save the current decadent youth situation, companies must make rapid progress in all aspects of the work.
the Lotus racing price of little significance, The price is not the main reason for the market to determine the problem is the core of the trend from the sports car in recent years to see, not a cheap car will sell well, including the sale of a good few years ago, South Korea Coupe sports car, the more recent imports to the smaller, so the Lotus development of such models is difficult to be successful in the near future. It is also a paradox - the rapid development of car market, personalized car mainstream, but why not sell low-priced sports car? consumer's personality of how to embody?. Although the import declaration Lotus sports car for less than $ 10,000, dealers profitable, but the market is difficult to change the current situation, so Lotus will not have a better price after the sales.
2. Domestic Mercedes-Benz C200K standard market price of 348,000 yuan.
9 1 May, Beijing Benz - DaimlerChrysler announced: C-Class heavy domestic product of the third stage of the standard C 200 K car officially go on sale 348,000 yuan ..
Analysis: Mercedes-Benz models, the lowest price was 37.8 million gracefully, the price once again test a low entry threshold for the Mercedes-Benz pulled down, but the price of the BMW 3 Series is no advantage. The main common point with the BMW high-end B-Class models, that is, consumer groups and the rich kids driving Jinling consumption, this market grew rapidly, so a greater chance.
3. Roewe 750i Snow grams listed price of 258,800 yuan Master Edition.
750i Roewe's new limited edition Master announced officially in the country market, new car priced at 258,800, only a limited sale of 300 units. purchase this car owner will enjoy a number of free after-sales service ..
analysis: this model is mainly media hype, concept to establish its association with high-end fashion, took the opportunity to enhance the brand, its sales should be minimal. This is the general style of operation of the brand Roewe is copied to the innovative work.
4. sale 8.98-12.38 million King Plaza Household brand hatchback : this vehicle brand is not strong, consumer acceptance may not be too high. BYD F3 is 4.5 meters, but the weight is 1200 kg, equivalent to 50 yuan / kg, the popular King Plaza 1500 kg, equivalent to 60 yuan / kg. With the current soaring prices of raw materials, BYD fully reflect the cost of control. And the same drivers, body weight, large fuel tank, fuel bound high point, so in order to achieve higher sales of more difficult.
Second, the macroeconomic environment and policy information
1. Ministry of Industry and auto parts industry to be implemented to promote innovation and development of SMEs in the SME innovation and development of the method of components. being. According to the plan, innovation and development in key areas and priority projects will become the focus of the next three years, each of which corresponds to an advantage to a business project. the key auto parts in China nearly three years of priority projects, including some engine technology, automatic transmission, anti-lock braking system, airbags, trucks with disc brakes and so on. Specific recommendations included the development of methods, relying on existing resources, focusing on automotive components to establish three demonstration bases for innovation and development of small and medium enterprises to explore the regional technological innovation service system development. For example, in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Bohai region, respectively, has been formed based on local resources and advantages of value chain, each targeted to establish a technological innovation of auto parts service platform for SMEs carry out various innovative services.
status for small and medium auto parts, related agencies initially identified the principle of the priority projects are: First, the bottleneck is conducive to a breakthrough to improve the capacity of sustainable development of automotive component industry. Second, it helps and support to master the key technologies and common technologies to improve the industry's core competitiveness. Third, it helps to solve SME innovation and development of relevant national policies and development of the auto parts industry, effective connection between, to maximize the small and medium enterprises in the whole important role in China's auto industry.
Analysis:. to promote good practices of SMEs in auto parts, but do merit-based approach to implementation of competition in the automotive vehicle brands have a serious leader in the formulation of the trend is not passive situation to the national good, so auto parts business or the market should be created to encourage the pace car of the strategy, or to encourage the development of effective and long-term results do not match, and against a large problem. the meaning of the policy is to create and maintain the market, and follow the principles guiding parts enterprises.
2. brand management approach will be a revised non-4S sales model allowed.
car prices on an equal footing, and the exit will also have protection. the development and implementation of authorized dealer network planning business license will not require manufacturers to approve.
Analysis:. franchised monopoly in the factory under the overall control of the network changes difficult, but there may be opportunities to develop hypermarkets. At present manufacturers to develop awareness of the secondary network is also strong, so the secondary network is a common trend. authorized dealer development and implementation of network planning Under the implementation of the network construction. But the purchase and dealer rebates are relying on manufacturers, so equality is difficult to .4 S store sales model is the only manufacturer the right to decide still, its an example of policy development will lead to different construction shop dealers make money.
3. PetroChina pay half the cost of an additional 300 billion less money into the two.
in the petroleum and reporting the results show that in the first half turnover of 549.522 billion yuan, up 39.9% However, net profit was only 53.615 billion yuan, dropped 34.5%. and this corresponds, in the context of the international oil prices, oil gas production reached 5.88 million barrels of oil equivalent, an increase of 6.5%. Average realized crude oil price is $ 93.45 / barrel over last year, earn 35 dollars a barrel or so. mining segment operating profit continued to grow three percent over, up 130.23 billion yuan, the plate is still making money in the first engine oil. this impact, turned over to the government of oil in the first half special oil income levy (commonly known as the windfall profits tax) jumped 2 times, to 47.816 billion yuan. It is noteworthy that, refining and marketing segment profit into loss operating loss of 59.02 billion yuan, while its processing of crude oil 4.25 million barrels, less than about 6 million barrels of Sinopec, but this loss than the loss of 46.02 billion petrochemical refinery also higher than the 13.0 billion.
the oil of Disclosure in compensation of employees rose Jinliang Cheng. on half of the oil pay 15.726 billion yuan in cash, increasing 2.254 billion yuan, an increase of 16.7%, while other labor cost increases of 5.731 billion yuan ..
:. in the monopoly oil monopoly of violence is not terrible, its efficiency is low The biggest problem is its huge refining losses of the project, although the oil may have differences, but also shows that Sinopec's refining than the low efficiency, on the basis of the high welfare is a hotbed of low efficiency.
4. Beijing Four bills intended to levy anti-vehicle air quality, sewage charges landslide.
order to prevent the decline of air quality after the Olympic Games, Beijing will speed up the heavily polluting vehicles as well eliminate the speed limit, to develop public transport, promoting green travel, motor vehicle while in-depth study sewage fee collection policy. to ensure that air quality in the city continue to improve after the Games.
Analysis:. Beijing's control measures at a higher financial input for the support, it is difficult to promote. The sewage charges more features, but the sewage fee concept is not accurate, carbon dioxide is not pollution? name needs to be forward-looking vision.
5. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: China industrial design industrial policy will be published.
Industry and Information Technology Department of Industrial Policy Division this year will be clear in accordance with the State Council, Analysis:. structural adjustment, energy saving and emission reduction, independent innovation is the theme of the policy, but remains to be seen how effective the adjustment. countries to develop the development of small displacement, the idea of building a conservation-oriented society at present does not reflect market fundamentals in the passenger car .
6. to the global economic downturn spread from the United States.
economic hardship from the United States spread to major countries in Europe and Asia, foreign sales and investment losses pose a threat to U.S. businesses. Today, the high no less than energy prices, panic and frustration of the financial system and trade partners to reduce the combined effects of production, inhibiting economic growth in many major countries. All these things mean that U.S. economic difficulties may be in the quarter and the period after the election further intensified, which could make the situation more difficult financial firms, so that government-backed mortgage giants Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to attract much-needed capital from overseas is more difficult. global markets face a reality: to expand the prosperity of globalization, but period of facing difficulties, will bring the same great harm. in recent months, despite continued growth of a whole, but some parts of the world economy has plunged into the doldrums of the state.
analysis: . In recent years the global economy has been showing a growth trend, but the overheating of the economy to the extreme, may have cooled down. Our exports face of severe structural adjustment pressure on the world market even more. the manufacturers need to seriously consider how the steady development of the problem.
Third, the new car information
1. a new generation of Crown production next year increase the sense of technology to enhance the body.
Crown sedan will be the 13th generation of the first half of 2009, the second plant of Tianjin FAW Toyota production. In order to meet China market, 13 on behalf of the Crown's wheelbase will be longer. And Toyota is also considering a hybrid version later put into the crown.
13th generation Toyota Crown will increase not only the wheelbase and body length and width to the 4870mm and 1795mm, respectively, an increase of 30mm compared with the old models and 15mm. In addition, the new car's body lines, more fluid, separate front left and right openings, so that the crown model 13 on behalf of the more advanced, stable. this car The front face design is more lean, the rear is still using the traditional polygon design.
analysis:. The new crown lengthening further validation of the Chinese demand characteristics, major, wider, this is the recent joint Peugeot car. now look This trend is not the security demands, but the Chinese character of the process development stage - to much the United States. I hope that the future government provides some of the standard car, or to Audi as the representative of the large-scale trend will become all models common trends.
2. 2009 Toyota Highlander 2.7L version will be postponed.
Toyota recently announced plans to expand the Highlander (Highlander) product line, the 2009 Highlander will be in the original 3.5-liter V6 or 3.3-liter and 3.3 liter V6 engine based on the hybrid, and added a 2.7-liter four-cylinder engine displacement.
The 2.7L four-cylinder engine will carry a precursor in the Highlander models, matching New 6-speed automatic transmission. The maximum engine power 187hp (137kW) / 5800rpm, maximum torque of 186lb-ft (252Nbm) / 4100rpm, four-cylinder Toyota own the most powerful performance engine. Although the appearance of 2.7 L Highlander with the existing version of the same, but the internal spatial arrangement of the structure will be slightly changed. The most prominent change is the third-row seat will no longer be standard, but optional equipment.
Analysis:. 09 Highlander and the displacement reduction is significant as the reduction, which will lead to decline in the consumption tax and other acquisition costs, while the seats and high-speed toll road maintenance due to reduced and so may discount the significance of this adjustment larger. but still slightly larger displacement of 2.7 liters and 2.5 liters of the best.
3. respond to the consumption tax cut 3.2L Audi A6L 3.0T car push.
As the leader in high-end public service models, the Audi A6L coverage from 2.0 liter to 4.2 liters, contains a total of five displacement. In the face of September to be revised in the large displacement car consumption tax, and the Mercedes-Benz E Class, BMW 5 Series models such as the same level of competition with the Audi A6L 3.2 A6L-liter V6 FSI engine will be gradually discontinued and replaced will be equipped with displacement of 3.0 liters of V6 TFSI engine model, expected by the end of 2008 to the new car will be officially launched early 09 ..
Analysis:. consumption tax adjustment no impact on China-made cars, especially on the impact of domestic government has no car, so basically a consumption tax adjustment does not affect the government officials did not thoroughly self-interest policy. but Audi corresponding adjustment of consumption tax rate on its worthy of the leading luxury car persons.
4. 6th generation Golf will be collinear with the speed of production of Proton domestic market in September next year.
the public for the sixth generation of Golf offers a variety of new engines, including petrol and 1.4 versions will be equipped with 1.2TSI Both TSI engines, but these two have different engine tuning, 1.2TSI version will launch the largest power of 85 hp and two 105-horsepower engine, while maximum power 1.4TSI version will be released were 80 hp, 122 hp and Three 160-horsepower version, which also has a maximum power of 272 hp models from the Audi TT's engine 2.0TSI.
new generation of golf may be directly in the production line Sagitar production above the expected new generation of golf September next year will be officially listed ..
Analysis:. Volkswagen Golf has always been a very good technical performance, higher recognition, but poor sales, the introduction of a new still face the dilemma of low sales.
IV News
1. MG abandon plans to enter the North American market in North America Autonews website
sources said, MG MG TF import company in North America to renounce the plan, while also announced it would abandon the establishment of R & D in North America Center and in Oklahoma in Ardmore, plans to build factories. NAC MG overseas confirmed the news media, .06-year in July, then look at NAC MG July 2006 news, NAC will jointly fund two U.S. investment in the United States to build a car manufacturing plant in Oklahoma. The new company, called MG Motors North America, Nanjing Automobile Group will hold 49% shares, the remaining 51% of the shares held by the two U.S. fund company.
Analysis:. with a laugh at the attitude towards the real break the law, but after a second impulse 忽悠, the company will only make people even more disappointed.
2. Dongfeng Group Results significant growth.
first-half results released Dongfeng Motor, China's top three this car Group first-half profit growth Yusan Cheng. Dongfeng Motor Group's semi-annual report shows: in the first half, the Group's consolidated sales revenue of about 37.896 billion yuan, an increase of about 31.5%; consolidated gross profit of approximately 6.539 billion yuan, an increase of about 31.0%; shareholders total profit of about 2.472 billion yuan, an increase of about 27.1%. deducting tax integration during the same period the national policy to one-time reversal of deferred tax in prior years the formation of profit, the profit attributable to shareholders period a year earlier after adjusting for year growth of about 56.7% ..
Analysis:. Dongfeng Motor Group has the advantage of higher profit growth in commercial vehicles, and SAIC's problem is that no commercial vehicle, the poor performance of SAIC in 2008 and became negative growth in the Group profit .
3. Guangzhou Automobile independent brands leveraging the Camry chassis space reserved for price adjustments.
this year, the National Development and Reform Commission official website, Guangzhou Automobile Group owned passenger car manufacturer's new project has been the National Development and Reform Commission's approval, Guangzhou Automobile Group commissioned the Italian design company started Camry chassis, a formal trial on the basis of the development of prototypes. The official representative of Guangzhou Automobile Group to enter the field of high-class own-brand car new car , June and July next year to complete prototype development project trial ..
Analysis:. own brand should not be a political task, so the input from the development point of view, Guangzhou Auto's own brand is carried out in accordance with national requirements. Guangzhou Automobile because there are huge profits, so Guangzhou Auto's own brands are mainly from Toyota to achieve effective access to technology and the purpose of technology spillovers, and its own brand in the medium term in a position to spend money.
4. domestic debut at the end Fabia Chinese or as crystal sharp.
Sohu car exclusive access to news: Fabia will enable the new Chinese name expected a Price is expected about 8 million or even lower.
Analysis:. Fabia price is too low is not good, Al Gore is positioning this year, cost-effective route did not go through, the few active delisting of the models. in the Santana and surrounded by POLO, although good news is the sub-brand sub-network, the difficulty of Fabia's strength is still large. Shanghai Volkswagen is always in the mid-size car and small car market fuss, will definitely go a long to seriously affect the future development of enterprises, although the Fabia advanced, but after all, small-displacement car market is limited, so if this problem is not solved, it will seriously affect the development of the enterprise.
5. Geely announced Mexico has established the factory capacity will reach 300,000.
Chinese carmaker Geely Automobile has announced it will invest 2.7 billion Leon in Mexico City to build a car assembly plant, other factories around the Geely Automobile will invest 230 million U.S. dollars to build a Industrial Park. vehicle production capacity will reach 30 million units. the next three years, Geely will be the first investment of $ 130,000,000 to build capacity for 50,000 of the assembly plant, the following two years an additional investment of 140 million U.S. dollars, will increase production capacity to 120,000 .2013 years, will increase production capacity of 300,000 ..
: Geely project is rolling forward, their input is not estimated to be slow progress, market growth and productivity will not be synchronized.
Fifth, the domestic automobile hot market
1. a series of measures have been introduced soon Brilliance major marketing system.
recent news that has just been appointed general manager of Brilliance International, the former general manager of the Bo sales will soon leave, switch Chery. Following the exodus after the whole Zhao, Qi Yumin Yang Bo's departure means the beginning of the White Brilliance of the three After a period of time in the surge in sales to stagnate this year even started to decline. for the completion of network adjustment. now take over Bo has been in-house candidates determined to Liaoning Province is one of br> Analysis: The domestic auto industry, Brilliance is characteristic enterprise, government and business relations reflected the characteristics of a more adequate, if the market and the mechanism better, the Government will support the extraordinary development of the enterprise, but if the internal system more complex, the more likely to cause confusion.
2. large displacement cars in August heat in September sales of vacuum cooling to the event.
auto consumption tax policy since September 1 will again be adjusted in the 3.0-liter displacement to less than 4.0 liters (including 4.0 liters) of passenger cars, the tax rate from 15% to 25%, displacement of 4.0 liters or more of the passenger cars, the tax rate from 20% to 40%. Two months ago, many Local dealers of imported cars has already smell the wind, the transfer tax, a number of imported cars prices have rebounded. but the recent warming of large displacement import automobile market is short-term phenomenon, but the spending power of the end of the release in advance, to September sales may also encounter the The price of each model is problematic, at current prices for the 1.58 million for the 6.0L displacement of the top with the new version of the Touareg W12 adjusted prices in the consumption tax but not the 2.2 million 1.84 million. The implementation of consumption tax for domestic vehicles market has almost no effect on the consumption tax only country posing a gesture. after tax adjustments, such as Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Lexus and other mainstream sales of imported cars will not obviously decline. can be said that the new consumption tax not restricted to the rise in more than one million luxury car market growth rate. For those 40-50 million, the impact of imports of large cars will be very obvious, especially as Land Rover and other large luxury SUV, specialized in selling imported cars, as This part of the price sensitivity of consumers is relatively higher, and once the adjustment of tax rates caused the prices to rise a few million, then it is bound to turn some consumers to buy low-emission luxury car in order to avoid excessive consumption tax .
3. FAW Mazda MPV 2.9 billion investment in joint venture negotiations the two sides continued.
FAW plans to invest 290 million yuan for the Mazda MPV project, full use of existing production base in the civil public facilities, production equipment and on the basis of existing production capacity, by stamping, welding, painting and final assembly of the four processes of local transformation of existing production lines and increase some of the equipment and tooling, the company in 2009 reached a total line to produce MPV models twenty thousand of the production program. This shows that the new Mazda 6 at the end of the year listed, the new Mazda MPV FAW Car will also be settled, while two models produced at the FAW Mazda also indicates that China is speeding up product layout. domestic MPVm Mazda 8: length, width and height are 868mm, 1850mm, 1685mm, wheelbase 2950mm, the largest of the current Mazda models the MPV, and the market will become the Buick GL8 Odyssey competitors ..
Analysis:. Changan Mazda 3 Ma 2 and Ma lower sales. Mazda in order to successfully achieve the 2010 target of 30 million units sold, so speeding up the product into the FAW Mazda, FAW, after all, Mazda Mazda in the first half that saw the completion of the performance goals of hope. differences in the performance of joint ventures and cooperative joint venture's performance is not necessarily always better. but in the commercial-type MPV market, the Gold Cup, Refine-based independent commercial Type MPV users mainly from the small and medium enterprises; and the GL8 commercial joint venture represented the main type of MPV customers from large enterprises or administrative unit. As this part of the market capacity is limited, so far, a conservative estimate this part of the market MPV capacity is currently close to one million, although only the main models in this segment with the GL8 Odyssey Two, but since the demand has become saturated market segments, if we continue to introduce high-end MPV, its sales would not too idealistic, listing will be Zaodaolengyu Road Qikai leading from one side to be able to prove this, so if FAW Mazda to introduce in the future, then 8, and its sales prospects are very worrying.
4. Fiat borrowed boat finalized and Guangzhou Automobile / co-production
face of China's Changan auto market booming prosperity, Fiat urgent desire to compose a cheerful smooth Chongqing municipal government public information website of a news vaguely opened Fiat Group and Chongqing Changan Technology), light diesel engine project memorandum of understanding, plans to invest 1.8 billion yuan, annual output of 10 million units, of which 70% are exported. and Fiat also said it would make the project start as soon as possible, as soon as possible to Chongqing, the largest overseas into Fiat manufacturing base. A few days ago, came news that Fiat intends to find Chongqing Changan Suzuki OEM.
Fiat was rumored collaboration with the Guangzhou Automobile matters. According to Paul. Albert Reno said, with wide Steam cooperation is currently limited to the technical level, mainly to help Guangzhou Auto to do the development of own-brand models .....
by automobile this week outlined:
1,8
end of the market trend has been a week the end of the Olympics, the market was quiet this week, no major manufacturers of new and modified models listed. compared to August 2007 the Mingrui, MG new car, and 08 Camry, Pentium, and 07 other listed Sylphy lively scene, 08 years in August are Marketing rest period after the Olympic Games. This week's holiday retail sales rebounded slightly, compared with the Olympics two weeks have significantly improved sales and higher sales in the week before the Olympic Games. It should be said better sales rebound.
8 months market sales and July is insignificant, but over the years in August retail sales were higher than in July, so the August 08 Olympic Games have an impact.
2, the automobile market of the Olympic Games with the Olympic Games should not be exaggerated
the end of the Olympic Games and the stimulating effects on the economy far less than expected, so the impact of the automobile market also seems to be associated with the Olympics. Of course the market trend changes from July to September is closely related to the Olympics, but the overall impact should be minimal Olympics .
decline as the automobile market during 2004 across the Olympic Games, while the 2008 Olympics before and after market performance is poor, so a period of 4 years, the theories seem to prevail. We dare not say a cycle of 4 years is reasonable, but at least is the car market blowout in 2002 passenger cars in China since the short history of rapid development, the reincarnation cycle, not from the confirmation. from causes of view, 2004's auto market adjustment is China's own economic adjustment and the accumulation of contradictions in the automobile market the result of the outbreak , and 08 of the passenger car market factors were complex, a larger proportion of world economic factors. At the same time we want to see the Asian economic crisis in 97 years and 01 years of U.S. IT world of the Internet bubble burst the economic impact on China's influence is small, 08-year impact is much larger. At the same time reflect on 02 years if the explosive growth of the Chinese auto market after the dotcom bust world economic recovery of the final performance of the combined effect.
2, China's economic development still faces enormous pressure
We are not economists, but we also must pay attention to changes in economic development. The current global economic downturn huge impact on China. As China's current rapid development of export-oriented economy, while the total magnitude of . exports as the most dynamic engine of economic growth, and the world is closely related to economic change. developed countries are the controllers of the world economic order, the economic crisis in the developed countries must lead the transformation of vulnerable groups, China's economy will be hurt , while China's auto exports for the economically less developed countries is, therefore, be hit. Because of this pressure on China's automobile industry shows great.
3, of the 2009 auto market should keep a low profile
08 年China's auto market is affected by many factors and the performance is acceptable, especially in commercial vehicles in the first half led to high growth and rapid development of the automotive market, while the second half of the car market are larger domestic and international pressure. Meanwhile, China is facing initiative of economic restructuring, so the speed of economic recovery may be more slowly, which is the growth of the automotive market in 2009 will bring even greater pressure.
4, nine of gold ten silver should reasonably be expected to
9 - October car sales market should be better. particularly in the gradual rising costs and the existing models with the world situation, manufacturers operating pressure increased, the market may be reduced ability to take the case of ,9-10 months market is expected to remain good. relative to the 7-8 month sales ,9-10 months of sales growth estimated at well.
4, China's auto industry
we want to develop economic insecurity, but also should pay attention to people's livelihood, while but also to control the capital. In the introduction of China's reform and opening up to the task completed, we are facing is to develop people's livelihood and go out to the people's livelihood and the economy at this time is an important task of industrial safety. foreign investment in access to normal profits and to adapt to Chinese market have demonstrated transnational groups of China's national security threats. to the long-term control of the international industrial chain of China's most bottom exploit the residual value of the largest, multinational corporations have demonstrated a series of Monopoly action. China's auto industry, Unsafe .
5, SMEs and to foster the development of private economy paradigm shift of great significance
many current policies are central to encourage SMEs to bail out and support the development of the tendency of individual and private enterprises. This is great adjustment. This is a new stage of China's economic development to a landmark change. Only the nation is the world, this is the national capital in the effective development of the field of competition is a powerful symbol of China.
We always lamented, Tianjin Development Why poor? Jiangsu ye will not do? Zhejiang why this badly. Zhejiang rapid development of private capital, which led to the economic development of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang's imports and luxury cars the most, that is, small and medium enterprises in Zhejiang Province where the strength of the private capital . from the Ministry of Information Industry and a number of new policy direction of view, we feel that the industrial self-reliance, innovation and development orientation of the strong. the future Chinese auto industry entered a new period of development.
one, new products, price scanning < br> 1. Lotus racing down 10,000.
Young Automotive Group announced that from now on to reduce the UK's Lotus sports car racing in the price, fell for a million. reporter from the 4S stores in Beijing Young Lotus noted that the current market in Beijing Lotus racing price drop of 1.8 million, the lowest price of 121,800 yuan.
analysis: from the past year of youth racing in performance, racing is actually a fully illustrated all aspects of youth ill-prepared vehicle under hastily listed, in fact, young people do not have the production car racing's strength, the youth is actually a full import car models, which was originally expected to be made of the time a young car dragged on, the original racing is 30,000 sales this year, and for now, hope to accomplish this goal the basic expected full-year sales of racing no more than 1 million. had as its own brand of racing, paste Lotus sports car performance gives the label had high expectations, and lack of domestic preparation, as well as network building is not in place, manufacturers in the market when there is no racing launched the promotional and other measures, all the delays and lack of work makes the best racing missed sales and marketing period, the current domestic production of young racing date has not been officially confirmed, the import of new models is nowhere in sight, young want to rely solely on short-term car a racing to maintain the brand image of youth, it seems no easy task, and the car you want to save the current decadent youth situation, companies must make rapid progress in all aspects of the work.
the Lotus racing price of little significance, The price is not the main reason for the market to determine the problem is the core of the trend from the sports car in recent years to see, not a cheap car will sell well, including the sale of a good few years ago, South Korea Coupe sports car, the more recent imports to the smaller, so the Lotus development of such models is difficult to be successful in the near future. It is also a paradox - the rapid development of car market, personalized car mainstream, but why not sell low-priced sports car? consumer's personality of how to embody?. Although the import declaration Lotus sports car for less than $ 10,000, dealers profitable, but the market is difficult to change the current situation, so Lotus will not have a better price after the sales.
2. Domestic Mercedes-Benz C200K standard market price of 348,000 yuan.
9 1 May, Beijing Benz - DaimlerChrysler announced: C-Class heavy domestic product of the third stage of the standard C 200 K car officially go on sale 348,000 yuan ..
Analysis: Mercedes-Benz models, the lowest price was 37.8 million gracefully, the price once again test a low entry threshold for the Mercedes-Benz pulled down, but the price of the BMW 3 Series is no advantage. The main common point with the BMW high-end B-Class models, that is, consumer groups and the rich kids driving Jinling consumption, this market grew rapidly, so a greater chance.
3. Roewe 750i Snow grams listed price of 258,800 yuan Master Edition.
750i Roewe's new limited edition Master announced officially in the country market, new car priced at 258,800, only a limited sale of 300 units. purchase this car owner will enjoy a number of free after-sales service ..
analysis: this model is mainly media hype, concept to establish its association with high-end fashion, took the opportunity to enhance the brand, its sales should be minimal. This is the general style of operation of the brand Roewe is copied to the innovative work.
4. sale 8.98-12.38 million King Plaza Household brand hatchback : this vehicle brand is not strong, consumer acceptance may not be too high. BYD F3 is 4.5 meters, but the weight is 1200 kg, equivalent to 50 yuan / kg, the popular King Plaza 1500 kg, equivalent to 60 yuan / kg. With the current soaring prices of raw materials, BYD fully reflect the cost of control. And the same drivers, body weight, large fuel tank, fuel bound high point, so in order to achieve higher sales of more difficult.
Second, the macroeconomic environment and policy information
1. Ministry of Industry and auto parts industry to be implemented to promote innovation and development of SMEs in the SME innovation and development of the method of components. being. According to the plan, innovation and development in key areas and priority projects will become the focus of the next three years, each of which corresponds to an advantage to a business project. the key auto parts in China nearly three years of priority projects, including some engine technology, automatic transmission, anti-lock braking system, airbags, trucks with disc brakes and so on. Specific recommendations included the development of methods, relying on existing resources, focusing on automotive components to establish three demonstration bases for innovation and development of small and medium enterprises to explore the regional technological innovation service system development. For example, in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Bohai region, respectively, has been formed based on local resources and advantages of value chain, each targeted to establish a technological innovation of auto parts service platform for SMEs carry out various innovative services.
status for small and medium auto parts, related agencies initially identified the principle of the priority projects are: First, the bottleneck is conducive to a breakthrough to improve the capacity of sustainable development of automotive component industry. Second, it helps and support to master the key technologies and common technologies to improve the industry's core competitiveness. Third, it helps to solve SME innovation and development of relevant national policies and development of the auto parts industry, effective connection between, to maximize the small and medium enterprises in the whole important role in China's auto industry.
Analysis:. to promote good practices of SMEs in auto parts, but do merit-based approach to implementation of competition in the automotive vehicle brands have a serious leader in the formulation of the trend is not passive situation to the national good, so auto parts business or the market should be created to encourage the pace car of the strategy, or to encourage the development of effective and long-term results do not match, and against a large problem. the meaning of the policy is to create and maintain the market, and follow the principles guiding parts enterprises.
2. brand management approach will be a revised non-4S sales model allowed.
car prices on an equal footing, and the exit will also have protection. the development and implementation of authorized dealer network planning business license will not require manufacturers to approve.
Analysis:. franchised monopoly in the factory under the overall control of the network changes difficult, but there may be opportunities to develop hypermarkets. At present manufacturers to develop awareness of the secondary network is also strong, so the secondary network is a common trend. authorized dealer development and implementation of network planning Under the implementation of the network construction. But the purchase and dealer rebates are relying on manufacturers, so equality is difficult to .4 S store sales model is the only manufacturer the right to decide still, its an example of policy development will lead to different construction shop dealers make money.
3. PetroChina pay half the cost of an additional 300 billion less money into the two.
in the petroleum and reporting the results show that in the first half turnover of 549.522 billion yuan, up 39.9% However, net profit was only 53.615 billion yuan, dropped 34.5%. and this corresponds, in the context of the international oil prices, oil gas production reached 5.88 million barrels of oil equivalent, an increase of 6.5%. Average realized crude oil price is $ 93.45 / barrel over last year, earn 35 dollars a barrel or so. mining segment operating profit continued to grow three percent over, up 130.23 billion yuan, the plate is still making money in the first engine oil. this impact, turned over to the government of oil in the first half special oil income levy (commonly known as the windfall profits tax) jumped 2 times, to 47.816 billion yuan. It is noteworthy that, refining and marketing segment profit into loss operating loss of 59.02 billion yuan, while its processing of crude oil 4.25 million barrels, less than about 6 million barrels of Sinopec, but this loss than the loss of 46.02 billion petrochemical refinery also higher than the 13.0 billion.
the oil of Disclosure in compensation of employees rose Jinliang Cheng. on half of the oil pay 15.726 billion yuan in cash, increasing 2.254 billion yuan, an increase of 16.7%, while other labor cost increases of 5.731 billion yuan ..
:. in the monopoly oil monopoly of violence is not terrible, its efficiency is low The biggest problem is its huge refining losses of the project, although the oil may have differences, but also shows that Sinopec's refining than the low efficiency, on the basis of the high welfare is a hotbed of low efficiency.
4. Beijing Four bills intended to levy anti-vehicle air quality, sewage charges landslide.
order to prevent the decline of air quality after the Olympic Games, Beijing will speed up the heavily polluting vehicles as well eliminate the speed limit, to develop public transport, promoting green travel, motor vehicle while in-depth study sewage fee collection policy. to ensure that air quality in the city continue to improve after the Games.
Analysis:. Beijing's control measures at a higher financial input for the support, it is difficult to promote. The sewage charges more features, but the sewage fee concept is not accurate, carbon dioxide is not pollution? name needs to be forward-looking vision.
5. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: China industrial design industrial policy will be published.
Industry and Information Technology Department of Industrial Policy Division this year will be clear in accordance with the State Council, Analysis:. structural adjustment, energy saving and emission reduction, independent innovation is the theme of the policy, but remains to be seen how effective the adjustment. countries to develop the development of small displacement, the idea of building a conservation-oriented society at present does not reflect market fundamentals in the passenger car .
6. to the global economic downturn spread from the United States.
economic hardship from the United States spread to major countries in Europe and Asia, foreign sales and investment losses pose a threat to U.S. businesses. Today, the high no less than energy prices, panic and frustration of the financial system and trade partners to reduce the combined effects of production, inhibiting economic growth in many major countries. All these things mean that U.S. economic difficulties may be in the quarter and the period after the election further intensified, which could make the situation more difficult financial firms, so that government-backed mortgage giants Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to attract much-needed capital from overseas is more difficult. global markets face a reality: to expand the prosperity of globalization, but period of facing difficulties, will bring the same great harm. in recent months, despite continued growth of a whole, but some parts of the world economy has plunged into the doldrums of the state.
analysis: . In recent years the global economy has been showing a growth trend, but the overheating of the economy to the extreme, may have cooled down. Our exports face of severe structural adjustment pressure on the world market even more. the manufacturers need to seriously consider how the steady development of the problem.
Third, the new car information
1. a new generation of Crown production next year increase the sense of technology to enhance the body.
Crown sedan will be the 13th generation of the first half of 2009, the second plant of Tianjin FAW Toyota production. In order to meet China market, 13 on behalf of the Crown's wheelbase will be longer. And Toyota is also considering a hybrid version later put into the crown.
13th generation Toyota Crown will increase not only the wheelbase and body length and width to the 4870mm and 1795mm, respectively, an increase of 30mm compared with the old models and 15mm. In addition, the new car's body lines, more fluid, separate front left and right openings, so that the crown model 13 on behalf of the more advanced, stable. this car The front face design is more lean, the rear is still using the traditional polygon design.
analysis:. The new crown lengthening further validation of the Chinese demand characteristics, major, wider, this is the recent joint Peugeot car. now look This trend is not the security demands, but the Chinese character of the process development stage - to much the United States. I hope that the future government provides some of the standard car, or to Audi as the representative of the large-scale trend will become all models common trends.
2. 2009 Toyota Highlander 2.7L version will be postponed.
Toyota recently announced plans to expand the Highlander (Highlander) product line, the 2009 Highlander will be in the original 3.5-liter V6 or 3.3-liter and 3.3 liter V6 engine based on the hybrid, and added a 2.7-liter four-cylinder engine displacement.
The 2.7L four-cylinder engine will carry a precursor in the Highlander models, matching New 6-speed automatic transmission. The maximum engine power 187hp (137kW) / 5800rpm, maximum torque of 186lb-ft (252Nbm) / 4100rpm, four-cylinder Toyota own the most powerful performance engine. Although the appearance of 2.7 L Highlander with the existing version of the same, but the internal spatial arrangement of the structure will be slightly changed. The most prominent change is the third-row seat will no longer be standard, but optional equipment.
Analysis:. 09 Highlander and the displacement reduction is significant as the reduction, which will lead to decline in the consumption tax and other acquisition costs, while the seats and high-speed toll road maintenance due to reduced and so may discount the significance of this adjustment larger. but still slightly larger displacement of 2.7 liters and 2.5 liters of the best.
3. respond to the consumption tax cut 3.2L Audi A6L 3.0T car push.
As the leader in high-end public service models, the Audi A6L coverage from 2.0 liter to 4.2 liters, contains a total of five displacement. In the face of September to be revised in the large displacement car consumption tax, and the Mercedes-Benz E Class, BMW 5 Series models such as the same level of competition with the Audi A6L 3.2 A6L-liter V6 FSI engine will be gradually discontinued and replaced will be equipped with displacement of 3.0 liters of V6 TFSI engine model, expected by the end of 2008 to the new car will be officially launched early 09 ..
Analysis:. consumption tax adjustment no impact on China-made cars, especially on the impact of domestic government has no car, so basically a consumption tax adjustment does not affect the government officials did not thoroughly self-interest policy. but Audi corresponding adjustment of consumption tax rate on its worthy of the leading luxury car persons.
4. 6th generation Golf will be collinear with the speed of production of Proton domestic market in September next year.
the public for the sixth generation of Golf offers a variety of new engines, including petrol and 1.4 versions will be equipped with 1.2TSI Both TSI engines, but these two have different engine tuning, 1.2TSI version will launch the largest power of 85 hp and two 105-horsepower engine, while maximum power 1.4TSI version will be released were 80 hp, 122 hp and Three 160-horsepower version, which also has a maximum power of 272 hp models from the Audi TT's engine 2.0TSI.
new generation of golf may be directly in the production line Sagitar production above the expected new generation of golf September next year will be officially listed ..
Analysis:. Volkswagen Golf has always been a very good technical performance, higher recognition, but poor sales, the introduction of a new still face the dilemma of low sales.
IV News
1. MG abandon plans to enter the North American market in North America Autonews website
sources said, MG MG TF import company in North America to renounce the plan, while also announced it would abandon the establishment of R & D in North America Center and in Oklahoma in Ardmore, plans to build factories. NAC MG overseas confirmed the news media, .06-year in July, then look at NAC MG July 2006 news, NAC will jointly fund two U.S. investment in the United States to build a car manufacturing plant in Oklahoma. The new company, called MG Motors North America, Nanjing Automobile Group will hold 49% shares, the remaining 51% of the shares held by the two U.S. fund company.
Analysis:. with a laugh at the attitude towards the real break the law, but after a second impulse 忽悠, the company will only make people even more disappointed.
2. Dongfeng Group Results significant growth.
first-half results released Dongfeng Motor, China's top three this car Group first-half profit growth Yusan Cheng. Dongfeng Motor Group's semi-annual report shows: in the first half, the Group's consolidated sales revenue of about 37.896 billion yuan, an increase of about 31.5%; consolidated gross profit of approximately 6.539 billion yuan, an increase of about 31.0%; shareholders total profit of about 2.472 billion yuan, an increase of about 27.1%. deducting tax integration during the same period the national policy to one-time reversal of deferred tax in prior years the formation of profit, the profit attributable to shareholders period a year earlier after adjusting for year growth of about 56.7% ..
Analysis:. Dongfeng Motor Group has the advantage of higher profit growth in commercial vehicles, and SAIC's problem is that no commercial vehicle, the poor performance of SAIC in 2008 and became negative growth in the Group profit .
3. Guangzhou Automobile independent brands leveraging the Camry chassis space reserved for price adjustments.
this year, the National Development and Reform Commission official website, Guangzhou Automobile Group owned passenger car manufacturer's new project has been the National Development and Reform Commission's approval, Guangzhou Automobile Group commissioned the Italian design company started Camry chassis, a formal trial on the basis of the development of prototypes. The official representative of Guangzhou Automobile Group to enter the field of high-class own-brand car new car , June and July next year to complete prototype development project trial ..
Analysis:. own brand should not be a political task, so the input from the development point of view, Guangzhou Auto's own brand is carried out in accordance with national requirements. Guangzhou Automobile because there are huge profits, so Guangzhou Auto's own brands are mainly from Toyota to achieve effective access to technology and the purpose of technology spillovers, and its own brand in the medium term in a position to spend money.
4. domestic debut at the end Fabia Chinese or as crystal sharp.
Sohu car exclusive access to news: Fabia will enable the new Chinese name expected a Price is expected about 8 million or even lower.
Analysis:. Fabia price is too low is not good, Al Gore is positioning this year, cost-effective route did not go through, the few active delisting of the models. in the Santana and surrounded by POLO, although good news is the sub-brand sub-network, the difficulty of Fabia's strength is still large. Shanghai Volkswagen is always in the mid-size car and small car market fuss, will definitely go a long to seriously affect the future development of enterprises, although the Fabia advanced, but after all, small-displacement car market is limited, so if this problem is not solved, it will seriously affect the development of the enterprise.
5. Geely announced Mexico has established the factory capacity will reach 300,000.
Chinese carmaker Geely Automobile has announced it will invest 2.7 billion Leon in Mexico City to build a car assembly plant, other factories around the Geely Automobile will invest 230 million U.S. dollars to build a Industrial Park. vehicle production capacity will reach 30 million units. the next three years, Geely will be the first investment of $ 130,000,000 to build capacity for 50,000 of the assembly plant, the following two years an additional investment of 140 million U.S. dollars, will increase production capacity to 120,000 .2013 years, will increase production capacity of 300,000 ..
: Geely project is rolling forward, their input is not estimated to be slow progress, market growth and productivity will not be synchronized.
Fifth, the domestic automobile hot market
1. a series of measures have been introduced soon Brilliance major marketing system.
recent news that has just been appointed general manager of Brilliance International, the former general manager of the Bo sales will soon leave, switch Chery. Following the exodus after the whole Zhao, Qi Yumin Yang Bo's departure means the beginning of the White Brilliance of the three After a period of time in the surge in sales to stagnate this year even started to decline. for the completion of network adjustment. now take over Bo has been in-house candidates determined to Liaoning Province is one of br> Analysis: The domestic auto industry, Brilliance is characteristic enterprise, government and business relations reflected the characteristics of a more adequate, if the market and the mechanism better, the Government will support the extraordinary development of the enterprise, but if the internal system more complex, the more likely to cause confusion.
2. large displacement cars in August heat in September sales of vacuum cooling to the event.
auto consumption tax policy since September 1 will again be adjusted in the 3.0-liter displacement to less than 4.0 liters (including 4.0 liters) of passenger cars, the tax rate from 15% to 25%, displacement of 4.0 liters or more of the passenger cars, the tax rate from 20% to 40%. Two months ago, many Local dealers of imported cars has already smell the wind, the transfer tax, a number of imported cars prices have rebounded. but the recent warming of large displacement import automobile market is short-term phenomenon, but the spending power of the end of the release in advance, to September sales may also encounter the The price of each model is problematic, at current prices for the 1.58 million for the 6.0L displacement of the top with the new version of the Touareg W12 adjusted prices in the consumption tax but not the 2.2 million 1.84 million. The implementation of consumption tax for domestic vehicles market has almost no effect on the consumption tax only country posing a gesture. after tax adjustments, such as Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Lexus and other mainstream sales of imported cars will not obviously decline. can be said that the new consumption tax not restricted to the rise in more than one million luxury car market growth rate. For those 40-50 million, the impact of imports of large cars will be very obvious, especially as Land Rover and other large luxury SUV, specialized in selling imported cars, as This part of the price sensitivity of consumers is relatively higher, and once the adjustment of tax rates caused the prices to rise a few million, then it is bound to turn some consumers to buy low-emission luxury car in order to avoid excessive consumption tax .
3. FAW Mazda MPV 2.9 billion investment in joint venture negotiations the two sides continued.
FAW plans to invest 290 million yuan for the Mazda MPV project, full use of existing production base in the civil public facilities, production equipment and on the basis of existing production capacity, by stamping, welding, painting and final assembly of the four processes of local transformation of existing production lines and increase some of the equipment and tooling, the company in 2009 reached a total line to produce MPV models twenty thousand of the production program. This shows that the new Mazda 6 at the end of the year listed, the new Mazda MPV FAW Car will also be settled, while two models produced at the FAW Mazda also indicates that China is speeding up product layout. domestic MPVm Mazda 8: length, width and height are 868mm, 1850mm, 1685mm, wheelbase 2950mm, the largest of the current Mazda models the MPV, and the market will become the Buick GL8 Odyssey competitors ..
Analysis:. Changan Mazda 3 Ma 2 and Ma lower sales. Mazda in order to successfully achieve the 2010 target of 30 million units sold, so speeding up the product into the FAW Mazda, FAW, after all, Mazda Mazda in the first half that saw the completion of the performance goals of hope. differences in the performance of joint ventures and cooperative joint venture's performance is not necessarily always better. but in the commercial-type MPV market, the Gold Cup, Refine-based independent commercial Type MPV users mainly from the small and medium enterprises; and the GL8 commercial joint venture represented the main type of MPV customers from large enterprises or administrative unit. As this part of the market capacity is limited, so far, a conservative estimate this part of the market MPV capacity is currently close to one million, although only the main models in this segment with the GL8 Odyssey Two, but since the demand has become saturated market segments, if we continue to introduce high-end MPV, its sales would not too idealistic, listing will be Zaodaolengyu Road Qikai leading from one side to be able to prove this, so if FAW Mazda to introduce in the future, then 8, and its sales prospects are very worrying.
4. Fiat borrowed boat finalized and Guangzhou Automobile / co-production
face of China's Changan auto market booming prosperity, Fiat urgent desire to compose a cheerful smooth Chongqing municipal government public information website of a news vaguely opened Fiat Group and Chongqing Changan Technology), light diesel engine project memorandum of understanding, plans to invest 1.8 billion yuan, annual output of 10 million units, of which 70% are exported. and Fiat also said it would make the project start as soon as possible, as soon as possible to Chongqing, the largest overseas into Fiat manufacturing base. A few days ago, came news that Fiat intends to find Chongqing Changan Suzuki OEM.
Fiat was rumored collaboration with the Guangzhou Automobile matters. According to Paul. Albert Reno said, with wide Steam cooperation is currently limited to the technical level, mainly to help Guangzhou Auto to do the development of own-brand models .....
Sunday, December 26, 2010
Recalling the Olympics are still three reservoirs Chen Xie Xia mother do laundry
Gold medal, Chen Xie Xia harvest 500 million. Figure / Chen Xie Xia Zheng Fuli
pond in front of the mother is still washing up? Map / Li Zhigang
few days ago, listening to Lee seems that a former colleague, said she went to the Pan-Yu Great Au Village called Chen Xie Xia a, according to her, said: powerhouse.
let's pondering about the Beijing Olympic Games first gold medalist Chen Xie Xia, we read her life and sporting career.
text / Li Zhigang
8 months, Panyu rural areas, hot, the reporters came to , Chen Chen fine spring is on the parent's own fixed-line banana ground rod. Sometimes he would move a string of bananas position, because the location does not affect the quality of bananas. He wiped sweat from his face, looking at the arc has been showing a beautiful bananas, a smile of satisfaction. In a few more than 30 days, his family would harvest the bananas.
and a few days, Aug. 9, four thousand miles away in Beijing, his daughter Chen Xie Xia is likely to The Chinese delegation won the first-ever Olympic gold medal.
1992 One day in Panyu Sports School's weightlifting coach Chen Xie Xia Li Bingming to where the re-election of the large Au Village seedling, by looking at the joints, fingerprints, positioning jump, 60 meter dash, etc. testing, Chen Xie Xia Li Bingming selected, appears in Libing Ming, Chen Xie Xia large joints, shoulder, sturdy frame, good material is to weightlifting. Later, Li Bingming You Xiang Quan Chen inquiries fine condition, CHEN Xi Quan said: has been able to pull something with a big 300-pound scooters, and her brother in the back cart. poor, when Chen fine spring total species of the fifth six acres of land, in addition to their own land, and even others not in the field he then, when the sugar cane and rice, rice per mu was 600 kg, CHEN Xi Quan said to pay it public grain even after their enough to eat. Then cane 7 cents a pound, to ten thousand pounds per mu, net of costs, paid the public grain after the left. planted a fifth six acres of land, net of all costs, hard year Revenue was down three or four thousand dollars, the family has five people to spend money, two in-laws little fountain Chen, Chen Xie Xia and his brother, Chen Xie Xia Grandma. Chen Xie Xia to the Panyu 50 yuan a month after the sports school meals and 320 yuan per semester tuition fees are so small springs to worry about for ages Chen.
; villagers have said Guo.
have small bare buttocks Guo Chen and little fountain grew up, his eldest son, Guo Zhiyong and Chen Xie Xia, who had worked together to Panyu Sports School practiced weightlifting, Chen Xie Xia small son and brother relations are quite Well, Chen Xie Xia brother married the end of 2006, he went to the wine Chen eaten for seven days. For the case of Chen Xie Xia house, he was quite familiar with.
Li Bingming introduction, because of traffic inconvenience, nut the most remote town of Panyu, economic worst town, and a large nuclear town of Pass is the worst rugby village. before the big Pass village to the town of Rugby is not the nuclear road, to go through three ocean.
Chen ten acres of land mainly with the kinds of fine spring, and his wife encountered particularly busy it can not do the time, ask relatives to help. Therefore, the 9-year-old Chen Xie Xia inevitably become home of the labor force, mainly to help parents into the ground water, take things and other light physical activities. Of course, Chen Xie Xia eighty-nine at the age of 300 kilos had already pulled a big heavy dray. from childhood physical work habits, Chen Xie Xia important to uphold the cause of weight training.
Chen Xie Xia, after all, an eight-year-old child, Chen fine spring arrangement She has mastered a certain work rules, children also have the playing time. things, willing to do, will do, she did not want to do, force her, beat her is useless, but I never hit her, do well, but do not finish work on what she did, and resolutely refused, and how to say no use. the day the task is completed, she ran quickly to run out of sight. Hongxing with emotion: get rid of the defects squeamish. Now the children in rural areas are unwilling to lift weights, because the way a lot. reasons. But when the reporter asked why he had let her lift weights, he said: Panyu Li Bingming to follow sports school, no longer have to work the ground to help his father, but Chen Xie Xia's weightlifting as a way not always been smooth.
Panyu Sports School arrived for a week to practice, Chen Xie Xia secretly told to go home after her grandmother: The Guo Zhiyong, not to endure the difficult and tiring to weightlifting, Guo Zhiyong was also only less than 10 years old, to practice the week after the Sports School in Panyu, Guo Zhiyong cried: do not want to go. wand.
Guo have to say: Sports School are reluctant to go back to killing time. ? my family are still there to continue practicing Asya weight it. , did not live a dry no income.
1996, Chen Xie Xia went from Guangzhou Panyu Wei Lun Sports School Sports School In 1998, to the Guangdong Provincial Sports School. taken the house from 1992, the daughter of each Chen is not small change can grasp the spring, each time setting the post-Chen Xie Xia, told his father loudly: Chen Xie Xia in 1999 an important turning point in life, when lifting weights in Guangdong Sports School, she was not elected provincial team, faced with the dilemma of playing backpack home farming. Fortunately, Chen Xie Xia August weightlifting team coach is to see , she was selected for the simple reason is because she is a rural child, hardworking, and this is very important for weight training.
in uniform, Chen Xie Xia team in August for a six or seven years to be, She trained very bitter, but she made a mistake young people are more likely: a violation of team rules. if not a violation of team rules Ying Li Bingming has been concerned about his disciples, he knew this, coaching method is not right, Chen Xie Xia results do not increase, not practicing. up, won the national championship in 2006.
since winning the national championship, Chen Xie Xia become out of control. in 2007 Asian Championship, Chen Xie Xia won the athletic career, the first Asian champion, also broke the clean and jerk world record; the same year in the world championships held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, winning the snatch, clean and jerk and total score of three world championship, which made her the representative of the Chinese team set off a popular candidate for the Olympic Games.
in April 2008 at the National Weightlifting Championships, Chen Xie Xia total score of 213 kilograms to beat Yang Lian to win the championship, which is considered her out of Yang Lian, access to the Olympic Games tickets Guanjianyizhan. Libing Ming that, in addition to self-Chen Xie Xia superior strength, she would represent the Bayi team, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, the power also played a role.
8 on 2, press one and a half hour drive from Guangzhou, to find Chen Xie Xia's home town of Rugby nuclear 8 large group Au Village, Tai Au village has 23 groups. Chen Xie Xia is a large house surrounded by lush banana Ganzhe Lin and Lin, in August of Panyu in rural areas, can feel the sun's sinister and blowing the heat wave. If not acquaintances lead the way, hard to find here.
Chen Xie Xia house in front of a small river, the river of little fish swim very Huan, shore crabs there, behind the house is a pond, water pond is the banana forest. Chen a two-story house from the house and a cottage with 20 years of history, the composition, the building was built ten years ago, but the complete renovation until 2006, renovation costs spent nearly six million, twenty thousand Chen Xie Xia support element.
son and daughter-in-laws live on the second floor of two rooms divided, the kitchen of the cottage is the Chen Family.
neat kitchen stocked with firewood, Chen still use wood-burning cooking stove there are still sweltering. Kitchen has a gas stove, but it seems less common.
CHEN Xi Quan, 53, is about 1.60 meters tall, wearing a blue short-sleeved upper body, wearing a pair of sandals, he does not smoke. reporter into the living room floor when the Chen Xie Xia brother also took out two bottles of Minute Maid orange juice and mineral water Cestbon. in the living room next to a small room, placed KONKA refrigerator, Manpower sterilization container and other home appliances, most of Chen Xie Xia married his brother bought the end of 2006.
more hot weather, ceiling fans are whirring sound of the living room.
side in the kitchen, Chen has a temporary structure together with the asbestos shed-style house, only seven or eight square meters, Wanpen some parts, like the black and the walls, but also did not go in, an odor nostrils, a 60-year-old man sitting there listening to the radio, it is Chen Xie Xia uncle's home.
was introduced, according to Guo, Chen fine spring brother never married, is 58 years old, is the village hardship, returned to his village a few hundred dollars a year for such expenses.
Chen dinner is less than half of the day the bulk section and a plate of vegetables and fish, the fish is bought, vegetables are planted in front of the vegetable.
From the end of the village went Murao, 15 minutes to finish the 8 groups, 8 groups only a hundred people.
being cut, according to a description of bamboo Ho, Tai Au Village, 4000 acres of land, more than 3,000 people per capita is only an acre to land.
Stephen Chen is fine with 4 acres of banana species, according to Mr. He introduced an acre of banana crop harvest 7,000 kilograms of bananas can be good, according to the average price of 8 cents a pound, to income of 5,000 yuan. but the cost is more than 3,000, 2,400 yuan fertilizers and pesticides necessary to rent an acre of 1200-1500 yuan (because land is scarce, some people altogether work outside the home, farming the land leased to people who are willing to), so doing an acre of land they can only make 1,000 yuan. Chen fine spring is farm their own land, no rent payment, the money can be saved. So under normal circumstances, the income of about 2,500 yuan per mu is about, not their own labor costs, the four acres of land for a earn 1 million years. But the snow froze to death earlier this year a lot of banana seedlings, certainly not as good as in previous years, banana production.
addition to banana, Chen fine spring have a job, he is doing in the big utilities charge members of Au Village , care of the village, about 800 yuan monthly salary. but the money not earned, to the charges, went out early in the morning, at noon without a break, Tai Au Village 23 Group, to going door to door collection, and some less fees, and some no one at home and sometimes end in disappointment, he is often asked , electricity and water charges, monthly income, every time the document together with nearly 2000, heavy workload, the mistake will be subject to loss of a ticket. Nevertheless, nearly million in revenue each year, or attracted the admiration of other villagers.
Chen Xie Xia brother working in the nut-town, to a truck plant open, monthly income of 1,500 yuan. Chen Xie Xia Shiqiao a sister store in Panyu waitress, a monthly salary of 1,000 yuan.
all family members are now making money, it is easy to Chen fine feeling now the main spring.
CHEN Xi Quan said, her daughter is very simple clothes, home last year, has not got any new clothes .2007 World Championships, Chen Quan and his family on the TV fine before the game to see her daughter, when he's feeling mm what their own, but may still be able to feel that Chen Guo Quan small changes in the last two years, He's quite unashamedly, and now has become big mouth and talking to people more than the atmosphere, describe this feeling does not come out, anyway, he now feels like a rich, has the backing of the. reporters once again came to Chen Tai Au Village, around 12 noon, Chen Xie Xia mother back from the ground work was done, a small river in front of Sin clothes, just put a water stream over the upper reaches, the water a bit large, about an hour a water level meter to jump up, but very muddy, floating on the water upstream from time to time over the garbage, debris.
Chen Xie Xia mother barefoot, in the river to wash clothes by the river of clear water, in fact, Chen also installed a water pipe, a reporter asked her why not tap Sin clothes, she would only speak Cantonese, and even wrote and hand gestures, and said water expensive, it saves money. and her husband Stephen Chen fine, in fact, a large Au Village Members of utilities charge.
pond in front of the mother is still washing up? Map / Li Zhigang
few days ago, listening to Lee seems that a former colleague, said she went to the Pan-Yu Great Au Village called Chen Xie Xia a, according to her, said: powerhouse.
let's pondering about the Beijing Olympic Games first gold medalist Chen Xie Xia, we read her life and sporting career.
text / Li Zhigang
8 months, Panyu rural areas, hot, the reporters came to , Chen Chen fine spring is on the parent's own fixed-line banana ground rod. Sometimes he would move a string of bananas position, because the location does not affect the quality of bananas. He wiped sweat from his face, looking at the arc has been showing a beautiful bananas, a smile of satisfaction. In a few more than 30 days, his family would harvest the bananas.
and a few days, Aug. 9, four thousand miles away in Beijing, his daughter Chen Xie Xia is likely to The Chinese delegation won the first-ever Olympic gold medal.
1992 One day in Panyu Sports School's weightlifting coach Chen Xie Xia Li Bingming to where the re-election of the large Au Village seedling, by looking at the joints, fingerprints, positioning jump, 60 meter dash, etc. testing, Chen Xie Xia Li Bingming selected, appears in Libing Ming, Chen Xie Xia large joints, shoulder, sturdy frame, good material is to weightlifting. Later, Li Bingming You Xiang Quan Chen inquiries fine condition, CHEN Xi Quan said: has been able to pull something with a big 300-pound scooters, and her brother in the back cart. poor, when Chen fine spring total species of the fifth six acres of land, in addition to their own land, and even others not in the field he then, when the sugar cane and rice, rice per mu was 600 kg, CHEN Xi Quan said to pay it public grain even after their enough to eat. Then cane 7 cents a pound, to ten thousand pounds per mu, net of costs, paid the public grain after the left. planted a fifth six acres of land, net of all costs, hard year Revenue was down three or four thousand dollars, the family has five people to spend money, two in-laws little fountain Chen, Chen Xie Xia and his brother, Chen Xie Xia Grandma. Chen Xie Xia to the Panyu 50 yuan a month after the sports school meals and 320 yuan per semester tuition fees are so small springs to worry about for ages Chen.
; villagers have said Guo.
have small bare buttocks Guo Chen and little fountain grew up, his eldest son, Guo Zhiyong and Chen Xie Xia, who had worked together to Panyu Sports School practiced weightlifting, Chen Xie Xia small son and brother relations are quite Well, Chen Xie Xia brother married the end of 2006, he went to the wine Chen eaten for seven days. For the case of Chen Xie Xia house, he was quite familiar with.
Li Bingming introduction, because of traffic inconvenience, nut the most remote town of Panyu, economic worst town, and a large nuclear town of Pass is the worst rugby village. before the big Pass village to the town of Rugby is not the nuclear road, to go through three ocean.
Chen ten acres of land mainly with the kinds of fine spring, and his wife encountered particularly busy it can not do the time, ask relatives to help. Therefore, the 9-year-old Chen Xie Xia inevitably become home of the labor force, mainly to help parents into the ground water, take things and other light physical activities. Of course, Chen Xie Xia eighty-nine at the age of 300 kilos had already pulled a big heavy dray. from childhood physical work habits, Chen Xie Xia important to uphold the cause of weight training.
Chen Xie Xia, after all, an eight-year-old child, Chen fine spring arrangement She has mastered a certain work rules, children also have the playing time. things, willing to do, will do, she did not want to do, force her, beat her is useless, but I never hit her, do well, but do not finish work on what she did, and resolutely refused, and how to say no use. the day the task is completed, she ran quickly to run out of sight. Hongxing with emotion: get rid of the defects squeamish. Now the children in rural areas are unwilling to lift weights, because the way a lot. reasons. But when the reporter asked why he had let her lift weights, he said: Panyu Li Bingming to follow sports school, no longer have to work the ground to help his father, but Chen Xie Xia's weightlifting as a way not always been smooth.
Panyu Sports School arrived for a week to practice, Chen Xie Xia secretly told to go home after her grandmother: The Guo Zhiyong, not to endure the difficult and tiring to weightlifting, Guo Zhiyong was also only less than 10 years old, to practice the week after the Sports School in Panyu, Guo Zhiyong cried: do not want to go. wand.
Guo have to say: Sports School are reluctant to go back to killing time. ? my family are still there to continue practicing Asya weight it. , did not live a dry no income.
1996, Chen Xie Xia went from Guangzhou Panyu Wei Lun Sports School Sports School In 1998, to the Guangdong Provincial Sports School. taken the house from 1992, the daughter of each Chen is not small change can grasp the spring, each time setting the post-Chen Xie Xia, told his father loudly: Chen Xie Xia in 1999 an important turning point in life, when lifting weights in Guangdong Sports School, she was not elected provincial team, faced with the dilemma of playing backpack home farming. Fortunately, Chen Xie Xia August weightlifting team coach is to see , she was selected for the simple reason is because she is a rural child, hardworking, and this is very important for weight training.
in uniform, Chen Xie Xia team in August for a six or seven years to be, She trained very bitter, but she made a mistake young people are more likely: a violation of team rules. if not a violation of team rules Ying Li Bingming has been concerned about his disciples, he knew this, coaching method is not right, Chen Xie Xia results do not increase, not practicing. up, won the national championship in 2006.
since winning the national championship, Chen Xie Xia become out of control. in 2007 Asian Championship, Chen Xie Xia won the athletic career, the first Asian champion, also broke the clean and jerk world record; the same year in the world championships held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, winning the snatch, clean and jerk and total score of three world championship, which made her the representative of the Chinese team set off a popular candidate for the Olympic Games.
in April 2008 at the National Weightlifting Championships, Chen Xie Xia total score of 213 kilograms to beat Yang Lian to win the championship, which is considered her out of Yang Lian, access to the Olympic Games tickets Guanjianyizhan. Libing Ming that, in addition to self-Chen Xie Xia superior strength, she would represent the Bayi team, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, the power also played a role.
8 on 2, press one and a half hour drive from Guangzhou, to find Chen Xie Xia's home town of Rugby nuclear 8 large group Au Village, Tai Au village has 23 groups. Chen Xie Xia is a large house surrounded by lush banana Ganzhe Lin and Lin, in August of Panyu in rural areas, can feel the sun's sinister and blowing the heat wave. If not acquaintances lead the way, hard to find here.
Chen Xie Xia house in front of a small river, the river of little fish swim very Huan, shore crabs there, behind the house is a pond, water pond is the banana forest. Chen a two-story house from the house and a cottage with 20 years of history, the composition, the building was built ten years ago, but the complete renovation until 2006, renovation costs spent nearly six million, twenty thousand Chen Xie Xia support element.
son and daughter-in-laws live on the second floor of two rooms divided, the kitchen of the cottage is the Chen Family.
neat kitchen stocked with firewood, Chen still use wood-burning cooking stove there are still sweltering. Kitchen has a gas stove, but it seems less common.
CHEN Xi Quan, 53, is about 1.60 meters tall, wearing a blue short-sleeved upper body, wearing a pair of sandals, he does not smoke. reporter into the living room floor when the Chen Xie Xia brother also took out two bottles of Minute Maid orange juice and mineral water Cestbon. in the living room next to a small room, placed KONKA refrigerator, Manpower sterilization container and other home appliances, most of Chen Xie Xia married his brother bought the end of 2006.
more hot weather, ceiling fans are whirring sound of the living room.
side in the kitchen, Chen has a temporary structure together with the asbestos shed-style house, only seven or eight square meters, Wanpen some parts, like the black and the walls, but also did not go in, an odor nostrils, a 60-year-old man sitting there listening to the radio, it is Chen Xie Xia uncle's home.
was introduced, according to Guo, Chen fine spring brother never married, is 58 years old, is the village hardship, returned to his village a few hundred dollars a year for such expenses.
Chen dinner is less than half of the day the bulk section and a plate of vegetables and fish, the fish is bought, vegetables are planted in front of the vegetable.
From the end of the village went Murao, 15 minutes to finish the 8 groups, 8 groups only a hundred people.
being cut, according to a description of bamboo Ho, Tai Au Village, 4000 acres of land, more than 3,000 people per capita is only an acre to land.
Stephen Chen is fine with 4 acres of banana species, according to Mr. He introduced an acre of banana crop harvest 7,000 kilograms of bananas can be good, according to the average price of 8 cents a pound, to income of 5,000 yuan. but the cost is more than 3,000, 2,400 yuan fertilizers and pesticides necessary to rent an acre of 1200-1500 yuan (because land is scarce, some people altogether work outside the home, farming the land leased to people who are willing to), so doing an acre of land they can only make 1,000 yuan. Chen fine spring is farm their own land, no rent payment, the money can be saved. So under normal circumstances, the income of about 2,500 yuan per mu is about, not their own labor costs, the four acres of land for a earn 1 million years. But the snow froze to death earlier this year a lot of banana seedlings, certainly not as good as in previous years, banana production.
addition to banana, Chen fine spring have a job, he is doing in the big utilities charge members of Au Village , care of the village, about 800 yuan monthly salary. but the money not earned, to the charges, went out early in the morning, at noon without a break, Tai Au Village 23 Group, to going door to door collection, and some less fees, and some no one at home and sometimes end in disappointment, he is often asked , electricity and water charges, monthly income, every time the document together with nearly 2000, heavy workload, the mistake will be subject to loss of a ticket. Nevertheless, nearly million in revenue each year, or attracted the admiration of other villagers.
Chen Xie Xia brother working in the nut-town, to a truck plant open, monthly income of 1,500 yuan. Chen Xie Xia Shiqiao a sister store in Panyu waitress, a monthly salary of 1,000 yuan.
all family members are now making money, it is easy to Chen fine feeling now the main spring.
CHEN Xi Quan said, her daughter is very simple clothes, home last year, has not got any new clothes .2007 World Championships, Chen Quan and his family on the TV fine before the game to see her daughter, when he's feeling mm what their own, but may still be able to feel that Chen Guo Quan small changes in the last two years, He's quite unashamedly, and now has become big mouth and talking to people more than the atmosphere, describe this feeling does not come out, anyway, he now feels like a rich, has the backing of the. reporters once again came to Chen Tai Au Village, around 12 noon, Chen Xie Xia mother back from the ground work was done, a small river in front of Sin clothes, just put a water stream over the upper reaches, the water a bit large, about an hour a water level meter to jump up, but very muddy, floating on the water upstream from time to time over the garbage, debris.
Chen Xie Xia mother barefoot, in the river to wash clothes by the river of clear water, in fact, Chen also installed a water pipe, a reporter asked her why not tap Sin clothes, she would only speak Cantonese, and even wrote and hand gestures, and said water expensive, it saves money. and her husband Stephen Chen fine, in fact, a large Au Village Members of utilities charge.
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
Long March Red Army during the evolution of the forces and the Central Military Commission, 1
Long March Red Army during the evolution of the forces and the Central Military Commission, 1
one, the Red Army's Long March, the changes in the forces in the Red Army
First Army, referred to as the August, was first used by the Red Army and the Hong Sanjun regiment. to the spring of 1933, has an addendum to the red five, seven, eight, nine legions. Red Army is under the direct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, by the Mao Zedong, Zhu De and other proletarian revolutionaries personally created, is the second revolutionary war, a Red Army during the country's largest force, in opposition to a significant contribution.
(a) five times against day, according to the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the command, the preparation of the troops has been adjusted: The fourth, the military prepared for the first XV Corps, commander of Lin Biao, Nie political commissar; fifth, seventh, Fourteenth Army, Programme for the Third Army, commander Peng, political commissar of the tende far; third, the fifth compilation Thirteenth Army Corps, commander of the same quarter of vibration, Dong Zhentang deputy commander, political commissar of the Xiao Jinguang (1). mid-March, the Central Soviet Area Board to discuss the Red Army's military action problems. The meeting decided to organize the two sides of Route; First, Fifth Corps composed of Eastern Group (initially called the Army) to form West Army Third Corps, respectively operations, military forces in Jiangxi, with the main action. June 5, the provisions of the CPC Central Committee issued military instructions: Meiling related occupation, and then along the north and occupied Ganzhou, Jian, camphor, to fight for the purpose of Nanchang. the instructions of the Central Council to restore the Red Army's designation and agencies, the Red Army commander Zhu De and Army Commander, General Political Department Director Wang Jiaxiang and Army Political Department. August 8, the interim government the Soviet command instructions from the Central Military Commission, Mao Zedong's Red Army General Recovery politics as a member. (3) and music on the same day issued a security, the military campaign Yihuang instructions Before and after, Hong Sanjun, red-fifth, respectively, return to the Red Army Corps and the Hong Sanjun Mission Jiangxi Military District formed an independent third, sixth division and independent fourth and fifth divisions were compiled into the twenty-first Red Army and the Red twenty-two Army. and later set up a new four separate divisions. September 26, Red Army misses Zhu De, Mao Zedong, General Political Committee issued decided to return to the Soviet Mao presided over the Provisional Central Government to revoke a total of Mao Zedong's Red Army political commissar positions. In order to break the enemy of the Central Soviet of the fourth Central Bureau of CPC Central Committee and Soviet instructions, decided to Min's Red Army Zhejiang-Jiangxi and western Fujian twelve red army, red Gannan the twenty-first Army, south and north, respectively, grouped Army Headquarters Command. Red Army through the Xinjiang River, and red for the Red eleven thirty Army division, eds. At this point, the Red Army First Corps, Third Army, Fifth Army Corps and the Eleventh, Twelfth Army, the twenty-first Army, Army-second, with a total strength of seven thousand people. mid-March, Red Army established the southeast front command, unified command of southern Jiangxi, western Fujian frontline troops compiled the five columns, with the north line of the main Red Army . and in accordance with the decision of the CPC Central Committee at that time, the Red Army headquarters has been adjusted, is still the Red Army commander Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, the total part-time political commissar, Ye Jianying was chief of staff, deputy chief of staff Zhang Yunyi.
( b) the fifth against Red Army units were reorganized, cancel the military establishment, directly under the division by the Army. First Army: Army chief Lin Biao, Nie political commissar, chief of staff, Xu Yangang (December to Zuo Quan), the political director Lee Cheuk Yin (nineteen thirty Zhu Rui fall to four years), the Secretary Luo Protection Agency, the supply minister Zhao Lu. under the jurisdiction of the first division, second division, third division. First Division: Luo Binghui commander, political commissar of the Cai Shufan (after Wang Kaixiang, Huang Su); Second Division: Commander Xuyan Gang (after Chen), political commissar of the Hu Alin (after Liu Ya hug); Third Division: Commander Zhou Kun (after Huang Deshan), political commissar of the Wu Xiuquan (Chu Kuang right after). Third Army: Army chief Peng, political commissar of the tende far (September to Yang Shangkun), Chief of Staff, Deng Ping, Minister of Yu-Cheng Zhou supply. under the jurisdiction of the Fourth Division, Fifth Division, Sixth Division. Fourth Division: Commander Zhang Xilong, (after Hong-Chao), political commissar Peng Xuefeng, (after Huang Kecheng); Fifth Division: teachers find Huai Island (after Li Tianyou), political commissar of the music Shaohua (later, Ah-Jin, Chung Chi-bing); Sixth Division: Commander Hong-Chao ( Peng Xuefeng after), political commissar of the Ah-gold (after Jiang Hua, Xu policy), political director of Ouyang Qin. Fifth Army: Army chief Dongzhen Tang, Zhu Rui political commissar (later Lee Cheuk Yin), Chief of Staff Zhengru Yue (after Li Ping jen), the political director Liu Bojian, supply minister Hunan Sheng. under the jurisdiction of the thirteenth division, fourteenth division, thirty-fourth division. and thirteen Division: Commander Chen Bojun, while members Xie Liang; Fourteenth Division: number of days teachers China (after Zhang Xun), political commissar before Zhu Liang, Thirty-fourth Division: Commander Chen Shuxiang.
May 1933, Chiang Kai-shek launched the revolutionary base of my fifth central revolutionary base for the attack, which amounts to half a million troops. In mid-June, the Provisional Central Committee to implement separation of the Red Army fighting the main force, a composition of the Central Army, an army composed of the East, the implementation of the so-called people , Peng and commander and political commissar tende far, Deng Ping, Chief of Staff, Yuan Guoping Ren Political Department. to meet operations, Fujian, Jiangxi, the thirty-fourth division and the independent military divisions, regiments and the military command system owned by the East. July late to early August, the military expedition to the East West Fujian, the fighting severely weakened. mid Army was based on the instructions of the Central Military Commission, has decided to Hong Sanjun group, nineteenth division, the twenty-first division, sixty Army Group for the East; the thirteenth division, twenty teachers to ask the East Detachment; to the Red Army and the Fourteenth Division and four independent groups for the Central Army; the fifteenth of the total reserve division, the red one Army separation operations, weaken their fighting, the loss of the anti-suffered heavy casualties. Central Military Commission decided to set up on October 2 and red nine Red Army VII Corps. Red Seven Army: Army chief search Huai Chau, Xiao Jinguang political commissar, chief of staff, Su Yu, Liu Ying, director of the Political Department. jurisdiction of the Nineteenth Division , Twenty-division, thirty-fourth division and the Tenth Army south of the Independent Group; Red Nine Army: Army chief Luo Binghui, Cai Shufan political commissar, chief of staff, Tian-Min Guo, Xiang-pity of the Political Department (later the fire yellow green). jurisdiction of third division , fourteenth division, and the first independent group, the fourth group. After the establishment of two corps, immediately put into the fifth against and the policy of excluding dissidents, publicly broke with Chiang Kai-shek. Wang Ming line leader, do not know how to use the internal contradictions of the enemy, ordered the Red Army's main First Army, Third Army and Ninth Army Division XIV, transferred to West the WF area, join the Western forces led by Chen Yi, (4) to fight with the enemy consumption, and further loss of breaking the enemy's fifth Fifth Plenary Session, in accordance with the Party Central Committee's decision to withdraw the Red Army headquarters, by the direct command of the Central Military Commission of the Central Soviet Army divisions and other independent operations. August, in the fierce fighting, the Red Army after another defeat. September on the 21st, the CMC decided to set up hastily red eight Corps, Army chief Zhou Kun, political commissar of the Huang Su, Chao-Chun, chief of staff (after Zhang Yunyi), the political director of Ronghuan, jurisdiction over the twenty-first division, twenty-third division (ie the Central Guard Division).
(c) transfer to the Zunyi Conference during the breakout of the forces against change
as the fifth the Red Army the main break, making the transfer to Western. October 7, 1934, the Central Military Commission ordered the local Corps of the Military take over the defense line of the main task of the Red Army, will be the Red Army, Hong Sanjun group, Hongwu Jun group, eight red Red Army Corps and nine removed from the positions come to Ruijin, in all, Huichang regional focus. October 10 evening, the central authorities and the Central Military Commission, agencies and areas directly under the team starting from the Ruijin. force distribution: an Army on the left wing, followed by nine Corps; three corps on the right, behind the eight Army; from the wings cover the first column (CMC column) and the second column (central column) for corridor-type forward, throwing five corps of any guard. the twenty-first night, troops from the The mother of all river southwest of San Tin break between the first enemy blockade. At this point, the Red Army headquarters has been restored, the unit sequence is: Red Army commander Zhu De is still (and), Zhou Enlai, the General Political Committee (Chief), Chief of Staff Liu, Deputy Chief of Staff Zhang Yunyi, the General Political Department Director Wang Jiaxiang. First Army: Army chief Lin Biao, Nie political commissar. Zuo Quan, chief of staff, political director Zhu Rui. jurisdiction of three divisions. The first Teacher: Li Jukui commander, political commissar of the Lai Chuan Chu (yellow after the Soviet Union), Chief of Staff Niehe Ting (later Geng Biao), the political director Tan Zheng; the second division: Chen commander, political commissar Liu Yalou; Fifteenth Division: Commander Peng Shaohui , political commissar of the Xiao Hua. Third Army: Army chief Peng, Yang Shangkun political commissar, chief of staff, Deng Ping, director of the Political Department of Ronghuan. jurisdiction of the three divisions. Fourth Division: Commander Hung over (after sacrifice Peng Xuefeng, Zhang Xun), the political Member Huang Kecheng; Fifth Division: Li Tianyou commander, political commissar of the bell red soldiers; Sixth Division: Commander in Huai Cao, political commissar of the Xu policy. Fifth Army: Army chief Dongzhen Tang, political commissar of the Lee Cheuk Yin, the central representative of Chen Yun, Chief of Staff Chen Bojun , of the Political Department had days and three. jurisdiction of two divisions. Twelfth Division: Commander Chen Bojun (part), political commissar Xie Liang; Thirty-fourth Division: Commander Chen Shuxiang, chief Wang Kuang Road. Eighth Army: Army chief Zhou Kun , political commissar of the Huang Su, Central Representative Liu, Chun Tang, chief of staff, political director of Ronghuan. jurisdiction of the twenty-first division, twenty-third division. twenty-third division: Sun superior division, political commissar Li Chien-hui. Ninth Army closed : Army chief Luo Binghui, political commissar of any long-term employment, the central representative of the whole Hogg, Vice President Tian-Min Guo, Li Tao, director of the Political Department. under the jurisdiction of the third division, fourteenth division. Fourteenth Division: Commander factors Kun, political commissar Wang Kaixiang.
October 11, sent the Fifth Central Revolutionary Military Commission Order, the Red Army headquarters directly under the team of cadres group, the first field of each school woven CMC column, the central column field for the second column of the Central Military Commission. The first field commander and political columns member Ye Jianying, Zhong Wei Jian, chief of staff, political director of the king's first Road; (5) The second column is the CPC Central Committee, the Central Government, Ministry of Supply, red large, two Bureau of the Central Military Commission, Li Weihan commander and political commissar, deputy commander and deputy political commissar Deng fat, Chief of Staff Zhang Xun (after Zhang Jingwu), Shao-ping, director of the Political Department. CMC first and second column breakthrough in 1934 when the Department of the preparation. breakout from October 20 to December 30, the Red Army paid a heavy price , respectively, the enemy broke through the set one, two, three, four cordon, troops from the departure of the eighty thousand to three thousand people of all dropped.
December 11, the Red Army occupied the main channel city on the 14th, forward capture Liping, the 18th CPC Central Committee Political Bureau held a meeting in Liping, made a orders on December 26, the first column of the Central Military Commission, and the second column into the CMC column, (6) Column Commander Liu, Chen Yun, political commissar, deputy commander of Ye Jianying, Zhong Wei Jian, chief of staff. The first tier Commander Liu and; second echelon commander and political commissar of any long-term employment; third echelon commander and political commissar Li Weihan, at the same time, the Revolutionary Military Commission also ordered to remove the red eight Army, the Red Army into Hong Wujun eight groups , Dong Zhentang any Army chief, Lee Cheuk Yin as a political commissar. January 1, 1935, the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau meeting held in the monkey farm, to Guizhou base strategic task. January 5, Central Revolutionary Military Commission Chairman Zhu De, Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai, Wang Jiaxiang released the the Red Army (lack of red Second Division) and the Red Army composed of nine; middle column from the Red Division, cadre groups, the Central Military Commission composed of columns and Hong Wujun groups: the left column by the Hong Sanjun regiment. seven am, personally led by Liu Hong Sixth Army Group made two wins Zunyi intellectual victory, (7) night, the Revolutionary Military Commission will notice the whole army. ����, call the Central Revolutionary Military Commission Chairman Zhu De, head of the Union Army: Tashi regional assembly in the completion of the Red Army. on the 10th, the Revolutionary Military Commission in the military drawdown of Tashi released on command. Command said: facilitate continuous operations, the downsizing of the Army Central Military Commission decided special combat units. namely: cadres group; the Red Army jurisdiction of two divisions, the first division, second division, a total of six groups; Hong Sanjun group canceled the division designation, downsizing into four groups, group chief of staff, Deng Ping in Hong Sanjun Battle of Zunyi sacrifice, took over as chief of staff from the Ye Jianying, deputy chief of staff, Wu Xiuquan, Liu Ren, director of the Political Department; Hong Wujun group canceled the division designation, downsizing into three groups.
(d) of the meeting covered the red hair of a child , Fourth Army of the force change
(1) for the implementation of meeting the two estuaries, made Sichuan Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet base to create. Road. composed of six groups; Road to Xu Xiangqian as commander and political commissar. the twenty-fifth division, the eighty-eighth division, Thirteenth Division, composed of ten groups; on the right as commander in chief Chen Changhao political commissar, the tenth division by the Fourth Red Army, XII Army division and red ninety thirty divisions, a total of eight groups formed by the Minjiang Wang voice for the detachment commander and political commissar, woven by the eight groups; He Wei Mao Gong as the detachment commander and the political commissar. the twenty-seventh regiment composed of four divisions; rear guard force to week purely for the commander and political commissar of the whole. plans to require separate ways, to the detachment on July 7 on the 16th, respectively, focus on the specified location. (10)
then, troops north. left: July 2, after the vanguard of the First Corps arrived in aloe to change into the middle. ����, eighty-eight division arrived in cv. Third Army Temple in Hong cats, spindle grinding line, five Army to stay Mao Gong, David blocking the enemy. ����, the three corps arrived in aloe, nine Army arrived in Malcolm, the party dam, Zhuo Keji line; V Corps remained Mao Gong area. Road: July 9 arrived aloe, a child army captured hair cover. on the right: July 15 north to the hair still can not cover children, resulting in three-way focus on the first step in the Red Army forces plan did not materialize.
order to facilitate unified command and a unit, four brothers and unity after the overall realignment, July 18, is still the Red Army commander Zhu De, the appointment of the Central Military Commission; the appointment of tao as the Red Army General Political Committee. July on the 19th, the CMC has formulated the Xu Xiangqian Fourth Army commander and the Front commander, political commissar of the Fourth Army and former refers to the political commissar Chen Changhao, Ye Jianying, Chief of Staff. Meanwhile the Red Army decided to cancel the designation of the Army, to the military system, the former Red Army Fourth Front Army of the designation change. the Red Army into an army of a Corps, commander of Lin Biao, Nie political commissar, chief of staff, Zuo Quan; III Corps to the armed forces, army commander Peng, Yang Shangkun political commissar, chief of staff, Xiao Jinguang; five to five Army Army commander Dongzhen Tang, on behalf of the Political Committee had at three in the Huai Cao, chief of staff (generation); nine to thirty Army Corps, commander Luo Binghui, political commissar of any permanent chief of staff, Guo Tianmin. Red Fourth Army Fourth Army: Xu Shiyou commander, political commissar of the Jian-An Wang, Chief of Staff Zhang Xun; nine Army: Army Commander Sun Yuqing, Chen Haisong political commissar, chief of staff, Chen Bojun; thirty Army: Commander-way before the world, political commissar Li Xiannian, chief of staff Li Tianyou; thirty-one Army: Commander Yu Tianyun, political commissar before Zhan Fang, chief of staff Li Jukui; thirty three services: army commander Luo Nanhui, political commissar of the Zhangguangcai, Li Rong, chief of staff. (11)
July 1935 ��ʮday, Battle of the Central Military Commission redefined the deployment of Songpan, decided to form a detachment of five columns. The first column commander of the Lin Biao, Nie political commissar, of the second division by a military eighty-eighth and thirty-Army Division, eighty-nine divisions, a total of twelve groups; second column commander and political commissar Wang sound from thirty-one Army, Fourth Army of the four groups and XI of the division, two regiments of the twenty-fifth of the components division A total of eight groups: the third column commander Peng, political commissar Yang Shangkun, the armed forces of the four groups, two regiments of the Ninety-Division, Fourth Army composed of three regiments, a total of nine groups: commander of the fourth column Dongzhen Tang, political commissar of the week is pure, the five groups of nine armies, five army troops and two hundred sixty-two thirty group composed of nine groups: the commander and political commissar of the Fifth Column was Fong Chan, division of the ninety-first and thirty-three services of the three groups composed of three regiments, a total of six groups: the right Shiyou detachment commander, political commissar of the Jian-An Wang, the four groups formed by the Fourth Army (12) Due to the geographical conditions and the enemy of change, as indicated tao action time delay units for various reasons, Songpan campaign did not materialize. CMC decided to give up Songpan battle re-enactment of the new enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau
August 3, the Central Military Commission formulated the approach is still the north mm Gannan. Tao campaign plan to implement the summer, according to the geographic location of each unit, the necessary distinction between forces and adjustments will be divided into three main columns of the Red Army, and a clamping force of a You Lujun , a reserve team.
First Column: Wang commander and political commissar of the sound. jurisdiction twenty-five division ninety three divisions and five army two hundred seventy-one group, a total of nine groups.
Second Column: commander Member Ni Zhiliang, Zhou is pure political commissar, deputy commander of the Zhan Caifang. jurisdiction of the twenty-seventh Division, Army thirty, thirty armed forces, ninety and two hundred sixty-two group division, a total of eleven groups.
Third Column: Commander Members Peng, Yang Shangkun political commissar, deputy commander of the Wang Hongkun. jurisdiction of the three services and two hundred sixty-nine group, twenty-nine group, a total of six groups.
You Lujun: commander-way before the world, political commissar Li Xiannian. jurisdiction over three Ten groups of six armies.
clamp Team: Xu Shiyou commander, political commissar of the Jian-An Wang. jurisdiction of the Fourth Army of ten divisions and thirty-five group, a total of seven groups.
Reserves: commander of Lin Biao, the political Nie members. jurisdiction of a military regiment of six.
the first of these columns, the second column is the later Left Column, and the third column, and You Lujun, clamping force, the reserve was later You Lujun. ( 13)
division of troops and leadership on the CMC clearly has stated in the plan: deems appropriate, or by the commander, political commissar of the direct command of the total. made the appointment of Zhou Enlai, the first Army commander and political commissar: the appointment of Chen Changhao and the General Political Department Director. At this point the leader of the Red Army headquarters: the Red Army commander Zhu De, the total political commissar of the tao, Liu Chief of General Staff, General Political Chen Changhao Director and Deputy Director Yang Shangkun, Zhou is pure. Red Army political commissar of the First Army commander and Zhou Enlai. (15)
You Lujun (the Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao political commissar, chief of staff, Ye Jianying, deputy chief of staff Ritter, Wang Hongkun.
jurisdiction over the First Army (one corps adapted): commander of Lin Biao, Nie political commissar; Third Army (III Corps adaptation); Peng commander, political commissar Yang Shangkun; Fourth Army (the Fourth Army of the Fourth Army): Commander Xu Shiyou, political commissar of the Jian-An Wang; thirtieth Army (Army of the thirty four Army): Commander-way before the world, political commissar Li has read; CMC column, the Red Army University (central mission of the Red Army cadres Big Red Fourth Army together compiled). (16)
Left Column (by the commander, political commissar of the total direct command):
Red Army Commander Zhu De, the General Political Committee tao, Chief of General Staff Liu.
jurisdiction of the Fifth Corps (V Corps adapted): Dong Zhentang commander, political commissar had days and three; Ninth Army (nine Army Fourth Army): Commander Sun Yuqing , political commissar Chen Haisong; thirty-first Army (Army Fourth Army of the thirty-one): Yu Tianyun commander, political commissar of the Zhan Caifang; Thirty-second Army (IX Corps adapted): Luo Binghui commander, political commissar of any long-term employment; and the Central Military Commission of the Red Army Command column.
mid-August, the Central Military Commission to the left and right of action to deploy two Army made clear: You Lujun children covered by hair as the center assembly, to classes of Mary, opened in Brazil Progressive; Left Column in Matang, Zhuo Keji assembly for the center, moved into the Aba area. and decided to Left Column after the north east to the ABA, to the class with the Youlu Jun Woo region to move closer, and then go hand in hand, to the Gannan into eight May the 15th, started by the Na Keji Left Column advance to the ABA. You Lujun, the CPC Central Committee at the August 21 cover children held in the hair after the Politburo meeting, Mao's children cover areas from the starting blocks to the package, Class woo forward.
(e) Northern Red Army Red Army joined forces with the north the change before and after the forces opposed to the Party Central Committee
tao north as the strategic policy, adhere to the south to an open split the party, split the Red Army, the Party Central Committee in order to avoid one Fourth Red Army forces face two possible military misunderstandings and conflicts, in September 14th, 1935, led the Red Army had a separate one, three Army to the north.
(1) meeting of the Russian community Army to classes of Mary, Brazil entered, north approach will not change. But the tao stubbornly stick to its opposition and separatist activities of the Red Army. To this end, the central decision: You Lujun channeled through the Central Military Commission Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai command. and ordered a , the three Russian army quickly to Rhoda sector focus. Central Committee on September 12 in the Russian sector to discuss the current course of action, made a downsizing of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Red Army formed to Peng Ren commander and political commissar of Mao Zedong, Ye Jianying chief of staff, deputy chief of staff Zhang Yunyi, Wang Jiaxiang political director, deputy director Yang Shangkun. and three columns of its units .
The first column (composed by a Corps): commander of the Lin Biao (part), political commissar Nie, Zuo Quan, chief of staff, political director Zhu Rui, deputy director of the Ronghuan.
the second column (formed by the three Army ): Commander Peng (and, after Peng Xuefeng), Liu Yalou deputy commander, political commissar Li Fuchun, chief of staff, Xiao Jinguang.
third column (the part of the Central Military Commission composed of columns): Commander Ye (part), political commissar Deng Development, Chief of Staff Zhang Jingwu, political director Cai Shufan.
Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment 13 September, respectively, on the 14th, from Brazil, the Russian sector of departure, the 17th, the occupation Lazikou, large marsh, border breakthrough will Ningzhi Jing Ning and Pingliang to Guyuan between the two roads between the blockade, over the Mountains, into the ring of counties in Gansu, on October 19, Shaanxi and Gansu base into the edge of town, the security of Qi County.
Wuqi Town, the Central Red Army arrived, after a little rest, after the end of October to the Oasis of security into the region to the west to rendezvous with the fifth Corps. According to the decision of the CPC Central Committee, on November 3 to form a new Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission (CMC Northwest), and returned to the headquarters of the Red Army and Red-fifth Corps designation into the Red Army. At this point, the Red Army commander Peng, political commissar of Mao Zedong, Ye Jianying, chief of staff, Political Department of Wang Jiaxiang (after Yang Shangkun.) formerly the First Corps, Third Army Corps for the first eds: Army chief Lin Biao, Nie political commissar, deputy army chief Chen, Zuo Quan, chief of staff, political director Zhu Rui, jurisdiction the first division, second division, the fourth division, fifteenth Corps: Army Concorde long Xu Haidong, political commissar of the Cheng Zihua, chief of staff, who first week, the political director of Guoshu Shen, Feng Wenbin, deputy director. jurisdiction Seventy-fifth division, seventy-eighth division, the eighty-first division and a cavalry regiment. the Army a total of eleven thousand thousand people. Dec. 30, also formed a local Red Army twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth Army. nineteen thirty In April of day, and formed the Red Army thirty. twenty-eighth Army: Liu Zhidan commander, political commissar of the Song Renqiong: twenty-ninth Army: Commander Xiao Jinguang (Artemisia after Xie), political commissar Li Zhu rule (later called the Han Gan); thirtieth Army: Commander Yan Hongyan, political commissar of the Cai Shufan (later Du Ping); off in the other and set up an independent division and the House of God Independent Division.
(3) the Chinese People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Army set up Pioneer
January 19, 1936, Northwest Central Military Commission issued an The fighting forces were from the Oasis, Yichuan, Luochuan Hengshan between and south of the region and the surrounding areas, and gradually moved to Wing Township, east of and between extended rest. February 20, the Red Army in the former Committee Easter Expedition crossed the Yellow River under the leadership of the beginning, March 10, officially named Legion (also A Division: Commander Chen Geng, political commissar Yang Chengwu; the second division: Liu Yalou commander, political commissar of the Xiao Hua; Fourth Division: Commander Chen (after Li Tianyou), political commissar Peng Xuefeng, XV Corps (and Command , political commissar of the Zhaojun Bo; seventy-eighth Division: Commander Tianshou Yao, political commissar of the Cui Tian Min: eighty-first division: He Jin commander, the political commissar Zhang first. the twenty-eighth Army (and , May 2, Hexi return in triumph, to May 5, all return to northern extension, Yanchuan, Yong Ping area. the day the Red Army Revolutionary Military Commission of China issued a conferences and continue to adhere to its reactionary war policy. for the defense of the Northwest, the development of anti-Japanese base areas to consolidate and expand the Japanese Red Army, fighting for the Northeast Army, Northwest Army to stop the civil war, united against Japan, the north open up with the Soviet Union, Mongolia's ties with the two open up the south , Fourth Army of the contact, to achieve a major force in the Red Army joined forces, Northwest Central Military Commission in accordance with prevailing political and military situation in the May 18 decision to the Red Army First Corps, XV Corps and the eighty-first division, cavalry group, a total of more than fifteen thousand afternoon, composed of the Western Field Army (also known as military expedition), appointed by the commander and political commissar Peng. the Red Army: Army chief on behalf of any Zuo Quan, Nie political commissar; red-fifth Army; Xu Haidong any Army chief, Cheng Zihua political commissar. Western Field Army, the main task: to create a new revolutionary base areas of western; to meet the two, four Army out of the grass north; get through liaison with the Soviet Union. forces in three columns to Ning, Gan Jinjun. (18 ) Left Column for the First Army, by Zuo Quan, Nie command; You Lujun red-fifth Regiment (Field Army team with You Lujun immediate action), by Xu Haidong, Cheng Zihua command; in the Army for the Army and the Red twenty-eight eighty-first division and cavalry regiment; Song round by the commander, political commissar of the Song Renqiong command; Western Field Army achieved a major victory to August. consolidated and opened up vast new areas, welcomed the arrival of the anti-Japanese situation.
Second, the Red Army all forces in the evolution of the Long March Red Army
is determined by the Red Army, Red Army, and six adapted from the red nine Red Army troops, etc. Thirty-one thousand nine hundred thirty-six Ministry on July 2 formed in Ganzi, Sichuan. It's the Long March, should play in the July 26, 1934 the CPC Central Committee Secretariat and the Central Military Commission ordered Red Army no later than six out of the Hunan-Jiangxi revolutionary base, the Hunan Central advancing contact with the Red Army. In fact six Red Army advance team as the Red Army's mission. Red, Sixth Army in the Long March, resolutely implement the central authorities and the Central Military Commission of the command, the heroic struggle forces also will be a number of significant adjustments and changes in ....
one, the Red Army's Long March, the changes in the forces in the Red Army
First Army, referred to as the August, was first used by the Red Army and the Hong Sanjun regiment. to the spring of 1933, has an addendum to the red five, seven, eight, nine legions. Red Army is under the direct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, by the Mao Zedong, Zhu De and other proletarian revolutionaries personally created, is the second revolutionary war, a Red Army during the country's largest force, in opposition to a significant contribution.
(a) five times against day, according to the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the command, the preparation of the troops has been adjusted: The fourth, the military prepared for the first XV Corps, commander of Lin Biao, Nie political commissar; fifth, seventh, Fourteenth Army, Programme for the Third Army, commander Peng, political commissar of the tende far; third, the fifth compilation Thirteenth Army Corps, commander of the same quarter of vibration, Dong Zhentang deputy commander, political commissar of the Xiao Jinguang (1). mid-March, the Central Soviet Area Board to discuss the Red Army's military action problems. The meeting decided to organize the two sides of Route; First, Fifth Corps composed of Eastern Group (initially called the Army) to form West Army Third Corps, respectively operations, military forces in Jiangxi, with the main action. June 5, the provisions of the CPC Central Committee issued military instructions: Meiling related occupation, and then along the north and occupied Ganzhou, Jian, camphor, to fight for the purpose of Nanchang. the instructions of the Central Council to restore the Red Army's designation and agencies, the Red Army commander Zhu De and Army Commander, General Political Department Director Wang Jiaxiang and Army Political Department. August 8, the interim government the Soviet command instructions from the Central Military Commission, Mao Zedong's Red Army General Recovery politics as a member. (3) and music on the same day issued a security, the military campaign Yihuang instructions Before and after, Hong Sanjun, red-fifth, respectively, return to the Red Army Corps and the Hong Sanjun Mission Jiangxi Military District formed an independent third, sixth division and independent fourth and fifth divisions were compiled into the twenty-first Red Army and the Red twenty-two Army. and later set up a new four separate divisions. September 26, Red Army misses Zhu De, Mao Zedong, General Political Committee issued decided to return to the Soviet Mao presided over the Provisional Central Government to revoke a total of Mao Zedong's Red Army political commissar positions. In order to break the enemy of the Central Soviet of the fourth Central Bureau of CPC Central Committee and Soviet instructions, decided to Min's Red Army Zhejiang-Jiangxi and western Fujian twelve red army, red Gannan the twenty-first Army, south and north, respectively, grouped Army Headquarters Command. Red Army through the Xinjiang River, and red for the Red eleven thirty Army division, eds. At this point, the Red Army First Corps, Third Army, Fifth Army Corps and the Eleventh, Twelfth Army, the twenty-first Army, Army-second, with a total strength of seven thousand people. mid-March, Red Army established the southeast front command, unified command of southern Jiangxi, western Fujian frontline troops compiled the five columns, with the north line of the main Red Army . and in accordance with the decision of the CPC Central Committee at that time, the Red Army headquarters has been adjusted, is still the Red Army commander Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, the total part-time political commissar, Ye Jianying was chief of staff, deputy chief of staff Zhang Yunyi.
( b) the fifth against Red Army units were reorganized, cancel the military establishment, directly under the division by the Army. First Army: Army chief Lin Biao, Nie political commissar, chief of staff, Xu Yangang (December to Zuo Quan), the political director Lee Cheuk Yin (nineteen thirty Zhu Rui fall to four years), the Secretary Luo Protection Agency, the supply minister Zhao Lu. under the jurisdiction of the first division, second division, third division. First Division: Luo Binghui commander, political commissar of the Cai Shufan (after Wang Kaixiang, Huang Su); Second Division: Commander Xuyan Gang (after Chen), political commissar of the Hu Alin (after Liu Ya hug); Third Division: Commander Zhou Kun (after Huang Deshan), political commissar of the Wu Xiuquan (Chu Kuang right after). Third Army: Army chief Peng, political commissar of the tende far (September to Yang Shangkun), Chief of Staff, Deng Ping, Minister of Yu-Cheng Zhou supply. under the jurisdiction of the Fourth Division, Fifth Division, Sixth Division. Fourth Division: Commander Zhang Xilong, (after Hong-Chao), political commissar Peng Xuefeng, (after Huang Kecheng); Fifth Division: teachers find Huai Island (after Li Tianyou), political commissar of the music Shaohua (later, Ah-Jin, Chung Chi-bing); Sixth Division: Commander Hong-Chao ( Peng Xuefeng after), political commissar of the Ah-gold (after Jiang Hua, Xu policy), political director of Ouyang Qin. Fifth Army: Army chief Dongzhen Tang, Zhu Rui political commissar (later Lee Cheuk Yin), Chief of Staff Zhengru Yue (after Li Ping jen), the political director Liu Bojian, supply minister Hunan Sheng. under the jurisdiction of the thirteenth division, fourteenth division, thirty-fourth division. and thirteen Division: Commander Chen Bojun, while members Xie Liang; Fourteenth Division: number of days teachers China (after Zhang Xun), political commissar before Zhu Liang, Thirty-fourth Division: Commander Chen Shuxiang.
May 1933, Chiang Kai-shek launched the revolutionary base of my fifth central revolutionary base for the attack, which amounts to half a million troops. In mid-June, the Provisional Central Committee to implement separation of the Red Army fighting the main force, a composition of the Central Army, an army composed of the East, the implementation of the so-called people , Peng and commander and political commissar tende far, Deng Ping, Chief of Staff, Yuan Guoping Ren Political Department. to meet operations, Fujian, Jiangxi, the thirty-fourth division and the independent military divisions, regiments and the military command system owned by the East. July late to early August, the military expedition to the East West Fujian, the fighting severely weakened. mid Army was based on the instructions of the Central Military Commission, has decided to Hong Sanjun group, nineteenth division, the twenty-first division, sixty Army Group for the East; the thirteenth division, twenty teachers to ask the East Detachment; to the Red Army and the Fourteenth Division and four independent groups for the Central Army; the fifteenth of the total reserve division, the red one Army separation operations, weaken their fighting, the loss of the anti-suffered heavy casualties. Central Military Commission decided to set up on October 2 and red nine Red Army VII Corps. Red Seven Army: Army chief search Huai Chau, Xiao Jinguang political commissar, chief of staff, Su Yu, Liu Ying, director of the Political Department. jurisdiction of the Nineteenth Division , Twenty-division, thirty-fourth division and the Tenth Army south of the Independent Group; Red Nine Army: Army chief Luo Binghui, Cai Shufan political commissar, chief of staff, Tian-Min Guo, Xiang-pity of the Political Department (later the fire yellow green). jurisdiction of third division , fourteenth division, and the first independent group, the fourth group. After the establishment of two corps, immediately put into the fifth against and the policy of excluding dissidents, publicly broke with Chiang Kai-shek. Wang Ming line leader, do not know how to use the internal contradictions of the enemy, ordered the Red Army's main First Army, Third Army and Ninth Army Division XIV, transferred to West the WF area, join the Western forces led by Chen Yi, (4) to fight with the enemy consumption, and further loss of breaking the enemy's fifth Fifth Plenary Session, in accordance with the Party Central Committee's decision to withdraw the Red Army headquarters, by the direct command of the Central Military Commission of the Central Soviet Army divisions and other independent operations. August, in the fierce fighting, the Red Army after another defeat. September on the 21st, the CMC decided to set up hastily red eight Corps, Army chief Zhou Kun, political commissar of the Huang Su, Chao-Chun, chief of staff (after Zhang Yunyi), the political director of Ronghuan, jurisdiction over the twenty-first division, twenty-third division (ie the Central Guard Division).
(c) transfer to the Zunyi Conference during the breakout of the forces against change
as the fifth the Red Army the main break, making the transfer to Western. October 7, 1934, the Central Military Commission ordered the local Corps of the Military take over the defense line of the main task of the Red Army, will be the Red Army, Hong Sanjun group, Hongwu Jun group, eight red Red Army Corps and nine removed from the positions come to Ruijin, in all, Huichang regional focus. October 10 evening, the central authorities and the Central Military Commission, agencies and areas directly under the team starting from the Ruijin. force distribution: an Army on the left wing, followed by nine Corps; three corps on the right, behind the eight Army; from the wings cover the first column (CMC column) and the second column (central column) for corridor-type forward, throwing five corps of any guard. the twenty-first night, troops from the The mother of all river southwest of San Tin break between the first enemy blockade. At this point, the Red Army headquarters has been restored, the unit sequence is: Red Army commander Zhu De is still (and), Zhou Enlai, the General Political Committee (Chief), Chief of Staff Liu, Deputy Chief of Staff Zhang Yunyi, the General Political Department Director Wang Jiaxiang. First Army: Army chief Lin Biao, Nie political commissar. Zuo Quan, chief of staff, political director Zhu Rui. jurisdiction of three divisions. The first Teacher: Li Jukui commander, political commissar of the Lai Chuan Chu (yellow after the Soviet Union), Chief of Staff Niehe Ting (later Geng Biao), the political director Tan Zheng; the second division: Chen commander, political commissar Liu Yalou; Fifteenth Division: Commander Peng Shaohui , political commissar of the Xiao Hua. Third Army: Army chief Peng, Yang Shangkun political commissar, chief of staff, Deng Ping, director of the Political Department of Ronghuan. jurisdiction of the three divisions. Fourth Division: Commander Hung over (after sacrifice Peng Xuefeng, Zhang Xun), the political Member Huang Kecheng; Fifth Division: Li Tianyou commander, political commissar of the bell red soldiers; Sixth Division: Commander in Huai Cao, political commissar of the Xu policy. Fifth Army: Army chief Dongzhen Tang, political commissar of the Lee Cheuk Yin, the central representative of Chen Yun, Chief of Staff Chen Bojun , of the Political Department had days and three. jurisdiction of two divisions. Twelfth Division: Commander Chen Bojun (part), political commissar Xie Liang; Thirty-fourth Division: Commander Chen Shuxiang, chief Wang Kuang Road. Eighth Army: Army chief Zhou Kun , political commissar of the Huang Su, Central Representative Liu, Chun Tang, chief of staff, political director of Ronghuan. jurisdiction of the twenty-first division, twenty-third division. twenty-third division: Sun superior division, political commissar Li Chien-hui. Ninth Army closed : Army chief Luo Binghui, political commissar of any long-term employment, the central representative of the whole Hogg, Vice President Tian-Min Guo, Li Tao, director of the Political Department. under the jurisdiction of the third division, fourteenth division. Fourteenth Division: Commander factors Kun, political commissar Wang Kaixiang.
October 11, sent the Fifth Central Revolutionary Military Commission Order, the Red Army headquarters directly under the team of cadres group, the first field of each school woven CMC column, the central column field for the second column of the Central Military Commission. The first field commander and political columns member Ye Jianying, Zhong Wei Jian, chief of staff, political director of the king's first Road; (5) The second column is the CPC Central Committee, the Central Government, Ministry of Supply, red large, two Bureau of the Central Military Commission, Li Weihan commander and political commissar, deputy commander and deputy political commissar Deng fat, Chief of Staff Zhang Xun (after Zhang Jingwu), Shao-ping, director of the Political Department. CMC first and second column breakthrough in 1934 when the Department of the preparation. breakout from October 20 to December 30, the Red Army paid a heavy price , respectively, the enemy broke through the set one, two, three, four cordon, troops from the departure of the eighty thousand to three thousand people of all dropped.
December 11, the Red Army occupied the main channel city on the 14th, forward capture Liping, the 18th CPC Central Committee Political Bureau held a meeting in Liping, made a orders on December 26, the first column of the Central Military Commission, and the second column into the CMC column, (6) Column Commander Liu, Chen Yun, political commissar, deputy commander of Ye Jianying, Zhong Wei Jian, chief of staff. The first tier Commander Liu and; second echelon commander and political commissar of any long-term employment; third echelon commander and political commissar Li Weihan, at the same time, the Revolutionary Military Commission also ordered to remove the red eight Army, the Red Army into Hong Wujun eight groups , Dong Zhentang any Army chief, Lee Cheuk Yin as a political commissar. January 1, 1935, the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau meeting held in the monkey farm, to Guizhou base strategic task. January 5, Central Revolutionary Military Commission Chairman Zhu De, Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai, Wang Jiaxiang released the the Red Army (lack of red Second Division) and the Red Army composed of nine; middle column from the Red Division, cadre groups, the Central Military Commission composed of columns and Hong Wujun groups: the left column by the Hong Sanjun regiment. seven am, personally led by Liu Hong Sixth Army Group made two wins Zunyi intellectual victory, (7) night, the Revolutionary Military Commission will notice the whole army. ����, call the Central Revolutionary Military Commission Chairman Zhu De, head of the Union Army: Tashi regional assembly in the completion of the Red Army. on the 10th, the Revolutionary Military Commission in the military drawdown of Tashi released on command. Command said: facilitate continuous operations, the downsizing of the Army Central Military Commission decided special combat units. namely: cadres group; the Red Army jurisdiction of two divisions, the first division, second division, a total of six groups; Hong Sanjun group canceled the division designation, downsizing into four groups, group chief of staff, Deng Ping in Hong Sanjun Battle of Zunyi sacrifice, took over as chief of staff from the Ye Jianying, deputy chief of staff, Wu Xiuquan, Liu Ren, director of the Political Department; Hong Wujun group canceled the division designation, downsizing into three groups.
(d) of the meeting covered the red hair of a child , Fourth Army of the force change
(1) for the implementation of meeting the two estuaries, made Sichuan Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet base to create. Road. composed of six groups; Road to Xu Xiangqian as commander and political commissar. the twenty-fifth division, the eighty-eighth division, Thirteenth Division, composed of ten groups; on the right as commander in chief Chen Changhao political commissar, the tenth division by the Fourth Red Army, XII Army division and red ninety thirty divisions, a total of eight groups formed by the Minjiang Wang voice for the detachment commander and political commissar, woven by the eight groups; He Wei Mao Gong as the detachment commander and the political commissar. the twenty-seventh regiment composed of four divisions; rear guard force to week purely for the commander and political commissar of the whole. plans to require separate ways, to the detachment on July 7 on the 16th, respectively, focus on the specified location. (10)
then, troops north. left: July 2, after the vanguard of the First Corps arrived in aloe to change into the middle. ����, eighty-eight division arrived in cv. Third Army Temple in Hong cats, spindle grinding line, five Army to stay Mao Gong, David blocking the enemy. ����, the three corps arrived in aloe, nine Army arrived in Malcolm, the party dam, Zhuo Keji line; V Corps remained Mao Gong area. Road: July 9 arrived aloe, a child army captured hair cover. on the right: July 15 north to the hair still can not cover children, resulting in three-way focus on the first step in the Red Army forces plan did not materialize.
order to facilitate unified command and a unit, four brothers and unity after the overall realignment, July 18, is still the Red Army commander Zhu De, the appointment of the Central Military Commission; the appointment of tao as the Red Army General Political Committee. July on the 19th, the CMC has formulated the Xu Xiangqian Fourth Army commander and the Front commander, political commissar of the Fourth Army and former refers to the political commissar Chen Changhao, Ye Jianying, Chief of Staff. Meanwhile the Red Army decided to cancel the designation of the Army, to the military system, the former Red Army Fourth Front Army of the designation change. the Red Army into an army of a Corps, commander of Lin Biao, Nie political commissar, chief of staff, Zuo Quan; III Corps to the armed forces, army commander Peng, Yang Shangkun political commissar, chief of staff, Xiao Jinguang; five to five Army Army commander Dongzhen Tang, on behalf of the Political Committee had at three in the Huai Cao, chief of staff (generation); nine to thirty Army Corps, commander Luo Binghui, political commissar of any permanent chief of staff, Guo Tianmin. Red Fourth Army Fourth Army: Xu Shiyou commander, political commissar of the Jian-An Wang, Chief of Staff Zhang Xun; nine Army: Army Commander Sun Yuqing, Chen Haisong political commissar, chief of staff, Chen Bojun; thirty Army: Commander-way before the world, political commissar Li Xiannian, chief of staff Li Tianyou; thirty-one Army: Commander Yu Tianyun, political commissar before Zhan Fang, chief of staff Li Jukui; thirty three services: army commander Luo Nanhui, political commissar of the Zhangguangcai, Li Rong, chief of staff. (11)
July 1935 ��ʮday, Battle of the Central Military Commission redefined the deployment of Songpan, decided to form a detachment of five columns. The first column commander of the Lin Biao, Nie political commissar, of the second division by a military eighty-eighth and thirty-Army Division, eighty-nine divisions, a total of twelve groups; second column commander and political commissar Wang sound from thirty-one Army, Fourth Army of the four groups and XI of the division, two regiments of the twenty-fifth of the components division A total of eight groups: the third column commander Peng, political commissar Yang Shangkun, the armed forces of the four groups, two regiments of the Ninety-Division, Fourth Army composed of three regiments, a total of nine groups: commander of the fourth column Dongzhen Tang, political commissar of the week is pure, the five groups of nine armies, five army troops and two hundred sixty-two thirty group composed of nine groups: the commander and political commissar of the Fifth Column was Fong Chan, division of the ninety-first and thirty-three services of the three groups composed of three regiments, a total of six groups: the right Shiyou detachment commander, political commissar of the Jian-An Wang, the four groups formed by the Fourth Army (12) Due to the geographical conditions and the enemy of change, as indicated tao action time delay units for various reasons, Songpan campaign did not materialize. CMC decided to give up Songpan battle re-enactment of the new enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau
August 3, the Central Military Commission formulated the approach is still the north mm Gannan. Tao campaign plan to implement the summer, according to the geographic location of each unit, the necessary distinction between forces and adjustments will be divided into three main columns of the Red Army, and a clamping force of a You Lujun , a reserve team.
First Column: Wang commander and political commissar of the sound. jurisdiction twenty-five division ninety three divisions and five army two hundred seventy-one group, a total of nine groups.
Second Column: commander Member Ni Zhiliang, Zhou is pure political commissar, deputy commander of the Zhan Caifang. jurisdiction of the twenty-seventh Division, Army thirty, thirty armed forces, ninety and two hundred sixty-two group division, a total of eleven groups.
Third Column: Commander Members Peng, Yang Shangkun political commissar, deputy commander of the Wang Hongkun. jurisdiction of the three services and two hundred sixty-nine group, twenty-nine group, a total of six groups.
You Lujun: commander-way before the world, political commissar Li Xiannian. jurisdiction over three Ten groups of six armies.
clamp Team: Xu Shiyou commander, political commissar of the Jian-An Wang. jurisdiction of the Fourth Army of ten divisions and thirty-five group, a total of seven groups.
Reserves: commander of Lin Biao, the political Nie members. jurisdiction of a military regiment of six.
the first of these columns, the second column is the later Left Column, and the third column, and You Lujun, clamping force, the reserve was later You Lujun. ( 13)
division of troops and leadership on the CMC clearly has stated in the plan: deems appropriate, or by the commander, political commissar of the direct command of the total. made the appointment of Zhou Enlai, the first Army commander and political commissar: the appointment of Chen Changhao and the General Political Department Director. At this point the leader of the Red Army headquarters: the Red Army commander Zhu De, the total political commissar of the tao, Liu Chief of General Staff, General Political Chen Changhao Director and Deputy Director Yang Shangkun, Zhou is pure. Red Army political commissar of the First Army commander and Zhou Enlai. (15)
You Lujun (the Xu Xiangqian, Chen Changhao political commissar, chief of staff, Ye Jianying, deputy chief of staff Ritter, Wang Hongkun.
jurisdiction over the First Army (one corps adapted): commander of Lin Biao, Nie political commissar; Third Army (III Corps adaptation); Peng commander, political commissar Yang Shangkun; Fourth Army (the Fourth Army of the Fourth Army): Commander Xu Shiyou, political commissar of the Jian-An Wang; thirtieth Army (Army of the thirty four Army): Commander-way before the world, political commissar Li has read; CMC column, the Red Army University (central mission of the Red Army cadres Big Red Fourth Army together compiled). (16)
Left Column (by the commander, political commissar of the total direct command):
Red Army Commander Zhu De, the General Political Committee tao, Chief of General Staff Liu.
jurisdiction of the Fifth Corps (V Corps adapted): Dong Zhentang commander, political commissar had days and three; Ninth Army (nine Army Fourth Army): Commander Sun Yuqing , political commissar Chen Haisong; thirty-first Army (Army Fourth Army of the thirty-one): Yu Tianyun commander, political commissar of the Zhan Caifang; Thirty-second Army (IX Corps adapted): Luo Binghui commander, political commissar of any long-term employment; and the Central Military Commission of the Red Army Command column.
mid-August, the Central Military Commission to the left and right of action to deploy two Army made clear: You Lujun children covered by hair as the center assembly, to classes of Mary, opened in Brazil Progressive; Left Column in Matang, Zhuo Keji assembly for the center, moved into the Aba area. and decided to Left Column after the north east to the ABA, to the class with the Youlu Jun Woo region to move closer, and then go hand in hand, to the Gannan into eight May the 15th, started by the Na Keji Left Column advance to the ABA. You Lujun, the CPC Central Committee at the August 21 cover children held in the hair after the Politburo meeting, Mao's children cover areas from the starting blocks to the package, Class woo forward.
(e) Northern Red Army Red Army joined forces with the north the change before and after the forces opposed to the Party Central Committee
tao north as the strategic policy, adhere to the south to an open split the party, split the Red Army, the Party Central Committee in order to avoid one Fourth Red Army forces face two possible military misunderstandings and conflicts, in September 14th, 1935, led the Red Army had a separate one, three Army to the north.
(1) meeting of the Russian community Army to classes of Mary, Brazil entered, north approach will not change. But the tao stubbornly stick to its opposition and separatist activities of the Red Army. To this end, the central decision: You Lujun channeled through the Central Military Commission Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai command. and ordered a , the three Russian army quickly to Rhoda sector focus. Central Committee on September 12 in the Russian sector to discuss the current course of action, made a downsizing of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Red Army formed to Peng Ren commander and political commissar of Mao Zedong, Ye Jianying chief of staff, deputy chief of staff Zhang Yunyi, Wang Jiaxiang political director, deputy director Yang Shangkun. and three columns of its units .
The first column (composed by a Corps): commander of the Lin Biao (part), political commissar Nie, Zuo Quan, chief of staff, political director Zhu Rui, deputy director of the Ronghuan.
the second column (formed by the three Army ): Commander Peng (and, after Peng Xuefeng), Liu Yalou deputy commander, political commissar Li Fuchun, chief of staff, Xiao Jinguang.
third column (the part of the Central Military Commission composed of columns): Commander Ye (part), political commissar Deng Development, Chief of Staff Zhang Jingwu, political director Cai Shufan.
Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment 13 September, respectively, on the 14th, from Brazil, the Russian sector of departure, the 17th, the occupation Lazikou, large marsh, border breakthrough will Ningzhi Jing Ning and Pingliang to Guyuan between the two roads between the blockade, over the Mountains, into the ring of counties in Gansu, on October 19, Shaanxi and Gansu base into the edge of town, the security of Qi County.
Wuqi Town, the Central Red Army arrived, after a little rest, after the end of October to the Oasis of security into the region to the west to rendezvous with the fifth Corps. According to the decision of the CPC Central Committee, on November 3 to form a new Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission (CMC Northwest), and returned to the headquarters of the Red Army and Red-fifth Corps designation into the Red Army. At this point, the Red Army commander Peng, political commissar of Mao Zedong, Ye Jianying, chief of staff, Political Department of Wang Jiaxiang (after Yang Shangkun.) formerly the First Corps, Third Army Corps for the first eds: Army chief Lin Biao, Nie political commissar, deputy army chief Chen, Zuo Quan, chief of staff, political director Zhu Rui, jurisdiction the first division, second division, the fourth division, fifteenth Corps: Army Concorde long Xu Haidong, political commissar of the Cheng Zihua, chief of staff, who first week, the political director of Guoshu Shen, Feng Wenbin, deputy director. jurisdiction Seventy-fifth division, seventy-eighth division, the eighty-first division and a cavalry regiment. the Army a total of eleven thousand thousand people. Dec. 30, also formed a local Red Army twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth Army. nineteen thirty In April of day, and formed the Red Army thirty. twenty-eighth Army: Liu Zhidan commander, political commissar of the Song Renqiong: twenty-ninth Army: Commander Xiao Jinguang (Artemisia after Xie), political commissar Li Zhu rule (later called the Han Gan); thirtieth Army: Commander Yan Hongyan, political commissar of the Cai Shufan (later Du Ping); off in the other and set up an independent division and the House of God Independent Division.
(3) the Chinese People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Army set up Pioneer
January 19, 1936, Northwest Central Military Commission issued an The fighting forces were from the Oasis, Yichuan, Luochuan Hengshan between and south of the region and the surrounding areas, and gradually moved to Wing Township, east of and between extended rest. February 20, the Red Army in the former Committee Easter Expedition crossed the Yellow River under the leadership of the beginning, March 10, officially named Legion (also A Division: Commander Chen Geng, political commissar Yang Chengwu; the second division: Liu Yalou commander, political commissar of the Xiao Hua; Fourth Division: Commander Chen (after Li Tianyou), political commissar Peng Xuefeng, XV Corps (and Command , political commissar of the Zhaojun Bo; seventy-eighth Division: Commander Tianshou Yao, political commissar of the Cui Tian Min: eighty-first division: He Jin commander, the political commissar Zhang first. the twenty-eighth Army (and , May 2, Hexi return in triumph, to May 5, all return to northern extension, Yanchuan, Yong Ping area. the day the Red Army Revolutionary Military Commission of China issued a conferences and continue to adhere to its reactionary war policy. for the defense of the Northwest, the development of anti-Japanese base areas to consolidate and expand the Japanese Red Army, fighting for the Northeast Army, Northwest Army to stop the civil war, united against Japan, the north open up with the Soviet Union, Mongolia's ties with the two open up the south , Fourth Army of the contact, to achieve a major force in the Red Army joined forces, Northwest Central Military Commission in accordance with prevailing political and military situation in the May 18 decision to the Red Army First Corps, XV Corps and the eighty-first division, cavalry group, a total of more than fifteen thousand afternoon, composed of the Western Field Army (also known as military expedition), appointed by the commander and political commissar Peng. the Red Army: Army chief on behalf of any Zuo Quan, Nie political commissar; red-fifth Army; Xu Haidong any Army chief, Cheng Zihua political commissar. Western Field Army, the main task: to create a new revolutionary base areas of western; to meet the two, four Army out of the grass north; get through liaison with the Soviet Union. forces in three columns to Ning, Gan Jinjun. (18 ) Left Column for the First Army, by Zuo Quan, Nie command; You Lujun red-fifth Regiment (Field Army team with You Lujun immediate action), by Xu Haidong, Cheng Zihua command; in the Army for the Army and the Red twenty-eight eighty-first division and cavalry regiment; Song round by the commander, political commissar of the Song Renqiong command; Western Field Army achieved a major victory to August. consolidated and opened up vast new areas, welcomed the arrival of the anti-Japanese situation.
Second, the Red Army all forces in the evolution of the Long March Red Army
is determined by the Red Army, Red Army, and six adapted from the red nine Red Army troops, etc. Thirty-one thousand nine hundred thirty-six Ministry on July 2 formed in Ganzi, Sichuan. It's the Long March, should play in the July 26, 1934 the CPC Central Committee Secretariat and the Central Military Commission ordered Red Army no later than six out of the Hunan-Jiangxi revolutionary base, the Hunan Central advancing contact with the Red Army. In fact six Red Army advance team as the Red Army's mission. Red, Sixth Army in the Long March, resolutely implement the central authorities and the Central Military Commission of the command, the heroic struggle forces also will be a number of significant adjustments and changes in ....
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